My Experience At The Center For Film, Media, And Popular...

I interned for the Center for Film, Media, and Popular Culture from January to April. I interned for the entire semester, four hours a week. At times, there would be events, so I would intern for more hours on those days. If there was an event, I would intern one hour at the office, and two to three hours at the event. My experience at the Center wasn’t very eventful, but it did provide me with knowledge that I will take with me wherever I go. The Center for Film, Media, and Popular Culture provided me with not only credits, but also with many life lessons that I can take to other internships and jobs in the future. I have never had a job before this internship, as I have too many classes to take a semester, so between classes and homework, I rarely have any free time. When I heard about this opportunity, I immediately jumped at it. I wanted an opportunity to work on campus and obtain some credits while doing it. The one thing that I learned during my internship that I will take with me is how to answer the phone in a professional setting. I have answered the phone numerous times during the semester. There was no issue. That was until one day, I spoke to a woman, and she sounded to be a bit miffed with me. I got an email shortly after, commenting about how rude I was on the telephone, even though I could swear that I was being polite. Regardless, I learned that I should have a script handy, and that I should state my name when answering the phone. Through this experience,Show MoreRelatedIdeal Body Types in Hong Kong Essay1541 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Topic: What are the ideal body types for men and women in Hong Kong society? In what ways are these body types perpetuated through mass media, technology, and medicine? According to Bartky (1999), is body modification a form of self-empowerment or self-punishment? Introduction Human body is one of the elements used to assess the attractiveness of a person. Since the aesthetics theory varies in different countries and regions due to different history and cultural background, the descriptionRead MoreReflection Of Media Literacy962 Words   |  4 PagesMass media, a cultural industry for a large of people, is seen everywhere all across the globe. It is right that people want to know what is going on in the world around them, hence there is no doubt that media literacy have already became an essential skill for everyone’ s life in the ever-changing world. A person who is media literate can clearly describe the role of media in their lives. According to the Center for Media Literacy (CML) definition, media literacy is the ability to understand,Read MoreFeminism And Mad Max : Fury Road2487 Words   |  10 Pagesand Mad Max: Fury Road George Miller’s action packed film Mad Max: Fury Road, shines a new light on the role of women in contemporary culture. Mad Max takes place in what is called the â€Å"The Citadel†, a post apocalyptic wasteland, where an infamous tyrant by the name of Immortan Joe rules all women and war boys as servants. As the fourth installment in the Mad Max trilogy and an honorable rating of 8.1/10 (Imbd.com), what really makes the film one of a kind is that the movie, usually lead by the vengefulRead MoreDescribe the Most Interesting Movie That You Have Seen1710 Words   |  7 PagesDescribe an interesting film you saw recently.      You  should  say;   What is the title?   When did you see it?   What is the story about?   And explain why this movie was interesting to you. Last summer, my family and I went to AMC Movie Theater in Cupertino and enjoyed a movie entitled â€Å"Journey to the Center of the Earth†. It was a Science Fiction and adventure movie in three-dimensions. We enjoyed state-of –the-art computer graphics in the movie. For instance, when a dinosaur chased the charactersRead MoreAndrew Warhol The Second Son1459 Words   |  6 Pagesthe lack of motor skills. Upon extreme ridicule in school and worsening of his condition, his kitchen was turned into a makeshift recovery room. It is in this room that Andy began to collect celebrity pictures and formed his obsession with popular culture. Eventually getting better, at around age 9 Andy was enrolled in art classes at the Carnegie Institute of Technology and continued his schooling. Then, after struggling with his father’s death and mother’s diagnoses of cancer in his teens, heRead MoreThe Poignant Prophet By Aldous Huxley1680 Words   |  7 Pagesgreatness, or one could also say that his greatness was forged from his experiences. Neither would be wrong. Huxley was a third son born in 1894, into a family that was distinguished on both sides. He was able to attend paid p ublic school and later attended Eton. Huxley suffered three great traumas that affected his life deeply. The first would be the death of his beloved mother in 1908; he would later express this experience in a near autobiographic novel Eyeless in Gaza in 1936. â€Å"In a final letterRead MoreThe Misappropriation Of Indigenous American Cultures1790 Words   |  8 Pagessubjection is not as overt in recent decades as it has been in the past, stereotypes associated with the Native American population hold a strong presence in one of American society’s most influential institutions: popular culture. The misappropriation of indigenous American cultures in the wake of colonialism is grounded in the scientific documentation and recording of indigenous American languages. Written Native languages were established by in efforts to â€Å"save† and â€Å"preserve† smaller culturalRead MoreYouth, Digital Media and Their Roles in Social Changes5494 Words   |  22 PagesYOUTH, DIGITAL MEDIA AND THEIR ROLES IN SOCIAL CHANGES Idola Perdini Putri Communication Science Program Study – School of Multimedia and Communication Telkom Institute of Management Jalan Telekomunikasi No. 1 – Dayeuh Kolot, Bandung Cell. +6285294258565 / e-mail: idola_perdiniputri@yahoo.com INTRODUCTION New Media And Youth Every day, a story runs in the news media that relates to teenagers and the internet or social networking or digital media. There are many stories –one of themRead MoreJapanese Immigrants During The 19th Century1866 Words   |  8 Pagesin February 1942, President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed Executive Order 9066, which allowed for the Japanese evacuation and authorization of â€Å"relocation centers†. According to Kitano, anyone with one-eight Japanese blood had to evacuate and attend the concentration camps. By November 1942, all west coast Japanese were in the relocation centers, most of which were American citizens. The conditions were harsh in the concentration camps. There was poor medical equipment, Japanese had to stay in fencedRead MoreBlack Humor in America2112 Words   |  9 Pagesmany people are not willing to do that. The types of humor that are popular today do not require much thinking and can be characterized as one-liners. However, black humor has b een used as an effective means of satire usually towards a tragic event. One of the biggest misconceptions about black humor is that it involves race. Black humor is not a form of African American humor but rather it is used in literature, drama, and film to express the absurdity, paradox and cruelty of the modern world

International Order The United States - 1381 Words

To start with, what is international order? International order can be defined as an order in which countries are ranked internationally. These countries are ranked based on their economy and GDP, their Geopolitical zone, hard power (army, navy, air force), soft power (diplomatic means, export, import). As of right now, the United States is ranked as the first country in the international economic order, and following the United States is China. This order is what controls the demand and the supply of the world today, and it also controls the globalization among countries in the world. Also, international order shows the difference between the developing countries, and the developed countries, and it also shows the difference between low economy countries and the countries with very good economies. In my opinion, I will say that the international order can be seen as a means to sort of push developing countries into improving their country’s economy, by increasing their GDP. No country wants to have other countries be really superior to them, so I believe in order for them to try and keep up with the developed countries. There are some threats to international order in the world today, and some of them include; global warming/ climate change, terrorism, failed states, and also the rise of China. I’m going to discuss how these threats affect international order, and which of them is the biggest threat to the international order. To start with, I’m going to talk about theShow MoreRelatedThe United States As Powers Within The International System1691 Words   |  7 PagesAlthough the United States remains the world’s lone superpower, it is no longer a hyperpower that can bully potential contenders. The rest of the world is catching up. A change from unipolarity to multipolarity is one could facilitate a return nations struggling for power and prestige through war. While some might say a return to this system could destroy todays relative peace amongst great powers, they are incorrect. A return to multipolarity could show us that several emerging powers will emergeRead MoreLegal Studies Essay- the Role of the Nation State in Achieving World Order.989 Words   |  4 PagesExplain the role of nation states in achieving World Order. World Order is a necessity in modern day society, for if it did not exist we would be faced with international anarchy. A nation state acts individually, therefore meaning that it can either choose to embrace Human Rights and international laws, or ignore them. World Order is known as being the creation of global relationships and maintenance of world peace. It also governs the relationships between nation states and other global participantsRead MoreWhy Do Some States Engage In War? This Has Been A Crucial1744 Words   |  7 PagesWhy do some states engage in war? This has been a crucial question for humanity as well as for many international relations scholars that study the relationship between states and how they coexist in the international context. Throughout history, many influential thinkers have come up with theories to explain the nature of the international system and the behavior of states. Liberal theories such as the democratic peace theory argue that war can be justifiable if it represents the establishment ofRead MoreThe Promotion Of The Westphalian System At The Core Of1683 Words   |  7 Pagesof the United States foreign policy is not possible with the challenge of global governance (Sarkar, p. 2). If the United States continues to promote unipolarity through the promotion of the Westphalian order, opposing major powers will being to work together to weaken the hegemon because they have a mutual interest to de-thrown the United States. Instead of promoting the Westphalian order (i.e. unipolarity) at the core of foreign policy the United States should promote a multipolar order by wayRead MoreEssay about President Bush And Us Foreign Policy1683 Words   |  7 PagesThe United States election in 2000 raised a debate between democrat and republican and in the end the American people chose a new leader Mr. George w. Bush. President Bush clearly defined foreign policy objectives and goals. I have seen and hear our dear President Bush foreign policy after September 11. Following this, Bush has established its top priorities in foreign policy. He claims that an acts in the government to improve the international community through negotiation and cooperation. 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The credibility of this institution, however, has been compromised due to the United States revocation of support and membership. Initially it is important to recognize the arguments against the United States becoming a member state of the ICC and what precipitatedRead MoreInternational Law Threatens Western Countries1262 Words   |  6 Pagesincreasing attention to varieties of international crime, comparative criminology becomes a major field in criminology and criminal justice (Bennett, 2004:2). Comparative criminology is important for the designation and implementation of international policies and preventive measures on international crime; hence there are a rising amount of studies regarding crime and control on a cross-national level. Therefore, in this essay, how do violations of international laws present a direct threat to WesternRead MoreAnalysis Of Robert Kagan s Article The Importance Of U.s. Military1050 Words   |  5 Pagesaround the world and upholding the international system. He fears that these defense budget reductions will lead to U.S. forced to cede power over to other countries due to the reduction of the U.S.’s ability to provide security. Kagan uses concepts fro m realism and idealism within his article to persuade his audience to persuade his audience that cutting the defense budget is a terrible idea. Kagan uses idealist concepts such as international order and soft power in his article. He exploresRead MoreThe Goal Of Studying International Politics1549 Words   |  7 PagesThe goal of studying international politics is to create generalizable conclusions about the relationships at the international level. That is, there is a scientific method used to understand how the world works. The three main methods for understanding how the world works are realism, liberalism, and constructivism. The purpose of this paper is to explain the components of the main theories and apply them to the relationship between Taiwan and China, and the likelihood, or lack thereof, of another

Intermediate Level Reading Comprehension

The following intermediate level reading comprehension exercise focuses on the tourism industry, in particular on vocabulary related to accommodations. Valley View Camping Ground Many seasoned tourists find they dont like staying in hotels, and that they prefer to avoid large cities. Does this description fit you? If the answer is yes, The Mountain View Camping Ground is for you. Our camping grounds overlook the spectacular Hampson Valley. We rent tents, bungalows, and roulettes. If DIY yourself is your style bring your own tents or roulettes. All guests enjoy access to cooking facilities, bathrooms with bathing facilities, and a playground for the children. Our panoramic setting offers a wide variety of recreation activities as well as inspiring views of the mountains. Chisom, a quaint summer-resort village, is just 10 minutes by car. Take advantage of the many entertainments, shopping and relaxation opportunities including fitness centers, laundry/valet services, solariums and much more. Have lunch in one of the many restaurants and savor the tasty local cuisine. Mountain View Camping Ground offers fun, relaxation and opportunities for all types of outdoor activities. Call us today to find out how we can make your next holiday perfect. Key Vocabulary Bathing facilities—a place to take a shower or a bath and washBungalow—a small, detached type of accommodationCamping grounds—an area where people can use their tents, roulettes, etc. to campCuisine—style of cookingDIY—do it yourselfFitness centers—a place to get in shapeLaundry/Valet—a shop which will clean your clothesPlayground—a place where children can playQuaint—charmingRecreation—free time activityRoulette—a camperSeasoned tourist—a tourist who has traveled a lotTasty—very good foodTent—a portable enclosure made of cloth in which people can sleepTo avoid—to try to not do somethingTo fit someone—to be appropriate for someoneTo overlook—to have a view ofTo savor— to enjoy greatly Comprehension Quiz 1. What type of tourist is described at the beginning of the reading? A first-time touristAn old touristA tourist who has traveled a lot 2. The camping grounds overlook: A tall mountainAn area between mountainsA city center 3. What type of accommodation can you not bring with you? A rouletteA tentA bungalow 4. Who cooks dinner? The guestsThe chef at the camping ground restaurantDoesnt say 5. What does Valley View offer besides the inspiring views? Laundry/valet servicesA fitness centerRecreation activities 6. Where can tourists try the local cuisine? At Valley View Camping GroundIn ChisomIn a bungalow Comprehension Quiz Answers 1. What type of tourist is described at the beginning of the reading? ANSWER: A tourist who has traveled a lot 2. The camping grounds overlook: ANSWER: An area between mountains 3. What type of accommodation can you not bring with you? ANSWER: A bungalow 4. Who cooks dinner? ANSWER: The guests 5. What does Valley View offer besides the inspiring views? ANSWER: Recreation activities 6. Where can tourists try the local cuisine? ANSWER: In Chisom

‘Snowball Would Have Made a Better Leader Than Napoleon.’...

‘Snowball would have made a better leader than Napoleon.’ Do you agree? ‘Animal Farm’ is a novel based on the Russian Revolution, about a group of animals wanting to rebel against man. Snowball a smart, fair and strong leader gets ruled over by Napoleon, an unfair and selfish leader. This was the first error in the rebellion. Snowball would have defiantly made a better leader than Napoleon. The reasons for this are that he educated the animals, had future economic plans and knew how to keep a fair and smart community. Overall Snowball was a better leader than Napoleon. He had the potential to the Rebellion going. Snowball showed lots of the attributes to a good leader. He was a good speaker and listener, fair, gave constructive†¦show more content†¦He went against all the commandments that were set at the beginning of the rebellion by the Old Major and he became friends with the enemy. Napoleon was defiantly not a role model and didn’t have any or the qualities of a good leader. Animalism on Animal Farm would have definitely been more achievable if Snowball was in charge. Snowball had the qualities of an excellent leader. He had great plans and wanted what was best for the whole farm. He didn’t care about the power. All he wanted to do was rebel against man and make the animals lives better. His morals were good and people looked up to him. Although Napoleon had the ability to set tasks, organise things and run the farm it didn’t make him a leader, all it was, was power. Snowball was different. He wanted his followers, the other animals, to achieve their highest goals and complete the rebellion rather than just simply bossing people around. That’s leadership. Snowball had leadership. By Jess MillerShow MoreRelatedThe Role of Squealer in Animal Farm Essay1657 Words   |  7 Pagesare seen to be giving themselves better quality food than the rest of the animals. Squealer is described in the book as a brilliant talker and persuasive. He is excitable and confuses the others with his skipping motions and whisking tail. These actions take the focus away from what he is actually saying. Squealer begins his explanation by using the word comrades. The use of this word leads the animals to believe he is talking to them as an equal; this would make the animals more likely toRead MoreAnimal Farm By George Orwell1143 Words   |  5 Pageshumans will eventually do to them, he claims â€Å"‘To that horror we all must come †¦ Jones will sell you to the knacker, who will cut your throat and boil you down for the foxhounds. As for the dogs, when they grow old and toothless, Jones ties a brick round their necks and drowns them in the nearest pond.’† (Orwell). His statement emphasizes on the lack of justice and liberty for the animals in the farm. As the animals trust Old Major, they heed his words and act upon it for the better. For a society toRead MoreAnimal Farm By George Orwell1122 Words   |  5 Pagestheir natural span. For myself I do not grumble, for I am one of the lucky ones. I am twelve years old and have had over four hundred children. Such is the natural life of a pig. But no animal escapes the cruel knife in the end. You young porkers who are sitting in front of me, every one of you will scream your lives out at the block within a year. To that horror we all must come--cows, pigs, hens, sheep, everyone. Even the horses and the dogs have no better fate. You, Boxer, the very day that thoseRead MoreAbuse of Power in George Orwell’s Animal Farm Essay1356 Words   |  6 PagesOften times in a communist society, a leader’s use of language can lead to abuse of power. In George Orwell’s Animal Farm, the farm leaders, the pigs, use unknown language, invoke scare tactics, and create specific laws, thereby enabling them to control other animals, to suit their greedy desires, and to perform actions outside their realm of power. Because of the pigs’ use of broad language, implementation of scare tactics, and creation and manipulation of laws, they are able to get away with avoidingRead MoreGeorge Orwell s Animal Farm1899 Words   |  8 Pageshe had trouble at first, on August 17th, 1945, Orwell finally found someone who would be willing to publish his novel. During the writing of Animal Farm, Soviet Russia’s involvement in thwarting the Nazi Army caused many of the English publishers to refuse publication. These publishers saw numerous risks in publishing Orwell’s masterpiece because of the impact it could have on Stalin himself. When asked why he would offend Stalin in such a way, and also the USSR, he simply stated that he had onlyRead MoreAnimal Farm â€⠀œ Assessment One3790 Words   |  16 Pagesanimals’ suffering solely on human beings. Mr. Jones and his men have been exploiting animals for ages, Major says, taking all of the products of their labor- eggs, milk, ect for themselves and producing nothing of value to offer the animals in return. What motto does Major give the animals? The message Major gives the animals is â€Å"Why, work night and day, body and soul, for the overthrow of the human race! That is my message to you, comrades: Rebellion† this message means why are all the animalsRead MoreAnalysis Of George Orwell s Orwell Essay2648 Words   |  11 Pagesfamily but a hardworking family. His mother was a French extraction in India and his father was a minor British official in the Indian Civil Service. In preparatory school, Orwell was known to be a brilliant, poor student, and was treated differently than the middle-class students. Growing up, he was shy and an ill-tempered boy who told his stories through autobiographical essays and satire stories. In 1922, Orwell won two scholarships to England s leading schools, Winchester and Eton. He chose toRead MoreBook Report on George Orwells Animal Farm4582 Words   |  19 Pagespower and the common people during this time. The main characters can be pointed out as the pigs Old Major, Napoleon, Snowball, and Squealer; the horses Boxer, Clover and Mollie; the goat Muriel; the raven Moses; the donkey Benjamin; the sheep; and the humans Mr. Jones, Mr. Pilkington , Mr. Frederick and Mr. Whymper. There is no clear central character in the novel, but the dictatorial Napoleon is responsible for most of the action. The book starts with Mr. Jones, the owner of Manor Farm, stumblingRead MoreBook Report on George Orwells Animal Farm4597 Words   |  19 Pagespower and the common people during this time. The main characters can be pointed out as the pigs Old Major, Napoleon, Snowball, and Squealer; the horses Boxer, Clover and Mollie; the goat Muriel; the raven Moses; the donkey Benjamin; the sheep; and the humans Mr. Jones, Mr. Pilkington , Mr. Frederick and Mr. Whymper. There is no clear central character in the novel, but the dictatorial Napoleon is responsible for most of the action. The book starts with Mr. Jones, the owner of Manor Farm, stumblingRead MoreAnimal Farm : All Power Corrupts1688 Words   |  7 PagesAnimal Farm: All Power Corrupts â€Å"Choose a novel or short story or a work of non-fiction which explores a theme which you find interesting. By referring to appropriate techniques, show how the writer explores the theme.† In the novel â€Å"Animal Farm†, author George Orwell explores a multitude of various themes. However, the underlying, ever-present, and arguably the most important theme in the book is power, and the corrupting effect it has on those who receive it. Orwell uses various language techniques

King Henry Viii And The Schism - 2003 Words

King Henry VIII and the Schism St. Augustine, a Catholic saint that helped developed the Western Catholic Church, once said â€Å" There is nothing more serious than the sacrilege of schism because there is no just case of severing the unity of the church† (St. Augustine). Through this quote it is learned of the significance of the Catholic Church saw to staying together and avoiding a schism( a split between parties based on different beliefs). The Catholics believed that in the event of a break in the church would cause a great disaster because they believed that the church needs to stay together as a whole or it would be blasphemy, and heresy. The Church also believed that if the church was to have a schism it would destroy the unity and sanctity of the church. This in fact would be believed to take away from the church in the manner of it not being the only church with the same mission. Therefore when King Henry VIII ( the second Tudor, monarch, who ruled from 1509-1547) separated from the Catholic Church it went completely against the mission that St. Augustine was trying to teach us through his comments about the church having a schism. The dangers it could have caused were believed to lead to a destruction of the church and lead to the end of the Catholic Church all together. Although there are people that view King Henry VIII actions as positive for Europe and beneficial to Europe especially England, it should be seen that King Henry VIII actions were not actuallyShow MoreRelatedCatholic Church During The Protestant Reformation1464 Words   |  6 PagesThe three areas of concern that Catholics had about the Catholic Church before the Protestant Reformation were The Plague, Abuse of the Indulgences and The Great Schism. The Plague also known as the Black Death was a disease caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis that circulated among wild rodents. The disease took place in the fourteenth century. Symptoms include aching of limbs, high fever, vomiting of blood, and swellin g of the lymph nodes. After the lymph nodes swelled they would then burstRead MoreAP Euro DBQ Essay examples780 Words   |  4 Pages2 DBQ: Discuss the extent to which the religious schism during the sixteenth century was symptomatic of political, social, and economic problems. The religious schism took place in the 16th century, mainly between the Catholic Church and Protestants. During these times, many changes were brought forth to Europe during this schism. Although the religious schism brought forth an age of Reformation of the Catholic church, the religious schism started wars, revolts across Germany following theRead MoreThe During The Reign Of Henry Viii1280 Words   |  6 PagesDuring the reign of Henry VIII, England had witnessed the most dramatic enforcement of the power of the king. The events leading up to the English Reformation were the catalyst for major changes with the political and religious power of the king that would be carried on throughout English history. The problems that the Medieval English Church faced were some of the major reasons why the reformation took place.Even though there were external factors that influenced the separation of the Church ofRead MoreThe Rise Of The Renaissance1448 Words   |  6 Pagesworld. Leade rs such as Henry VIII, Mary I, and Elizabeth I arose to power amid this age. Although there were many kings and queens that rose to power during this time period, and are argued to be the most influential leaders of the Renaissance, King Henry VIII is the single greatest influential leader of this awakening time period. King Henry VIII suppressed the Roman Catholic Church and established the Church of England as the authoritative religion of the society. King Henry’s acts affected England’sRead MoreHenry VIII and the Church of England Essay2161 Words   |  9 Pages King Henry VIII was an important figure in helping to kick start the Reformation in England, even though it was not his intent. His break with the Papacy and his constantly changing ideas on how the new Church of England should be run gave the Protestants the foothold they needed to gain popularity in Europe. Although his intentions were purely politically motivated, he started a change in the way the layman viewed the church and how it should be run. THE LIFE OF HENRY VIII Henry VIII wasRead MoreThe Schism Between The East And The West1539 Words   |  7 Pages The Great Schism There were many issues that created the Great Schism between the East and the West, both before 1054 CE and after. However it would appear from the documentation that the East had more issues with how the West conducted religion and ran their church. The issues that occurred with how the West conducted religion and ran their church happened prior to 1054 CE. Furthermore the ambassadors from the Pope excommunicated the Patriarch of Constantinople around 1054 CE. The followingRead MoreThe Schism Between The East And The West1557 Words   |  7 PagesThe Great Schism There were many issues that created the Great Schism between the East and the West, both before 1054 CE and after. However, it would appear from the documentation that the East had more issues with how the West conducted religion and ran their church. The issues that occurred with how the West conducted religion and ran their church happened prior to 1054 CE. Furthermore, the ambassadors from the Pope excommunicated the P atriarch of Constantinople around 1054 CE. The following dayRead MoreThe Religious Wars Of Religion1465 Words   |  6 Pagesthis religious change they were protesting for. The wars of religion was warfare that devastated a generation. This seesaw concept created an environment of turbulence and uncertainty. Faced with the desire for reform by the protestants, which led to schism in western Christianity, and the political greed of the 16th century, the religious wars of the time were the actions of fear and weakness and were not really religious wars because they all had some kind of political backing to them too. Let sRead MoreThe Beginning Of The Reformation1476 Words   |  6 Pagesreligious, political, intellectual and cultural uprising that splintered Catholic Europe, setting in place the structures and beliefs that would define the continent in the modern era. In northern and central Europe, reformers like Martin Luther and Henry VIII challenged papal authority and questioned the Catholic Church’s ability to define Christian practice.† On October 31 1517, Martin Luther nailed the 95 thesis’ to the door of the church of Wittenberg.†These theses were up for debate on the errorsRead MoreEssay about Chapter 11 Outline and Summary Ap European History917 Words   |  4 PagesInstability D. The Growth of England’s Political Institutions E. The Problems of the French Kings F. The German Monarchy 1. Electoral Nature of the German Monarchy G. The States of Italy 1. Duchy of Milan 2. Republic of Florence 3. Republic of Venice III. The Decline of the Church A. Boniface VIII and the Conflict with the State B. The Papacy at Avignon (1305-1377) C. The Great Schism D. New Thoughts on Church and State and the Rise of Conciliarism 1. The Conciliar Movement

What Law is free essay sample

The dice of fate has been rolled, and each of us has been assigned a role to play. Ours is to keep lighting the beacon-light of unity for those who have lost their way. Ours is to articulate the fervent hope of a people who have suddenly lost their voices. Ours is to adopt the solid stance of courage in the face of seemingly hopeless odds so that hope, no matter how dim or distant, will never banish from sight. † –Sen. Benigno â€Å"Ninoy† S. Aquino, Jr. United Consciousness The 1987 Philippine Constitution was created after the controversial reign of Marcos with his abuse of the 1973 Constitution which imposed the martial law. The people of the Philippines united into one consciousness and revolted against oppression resulting into the EDSA Revolution. During the time of martial law, the Writ of Habeas Corpus was suspended, resulting into many controversial unjust executions, searches and seizures. The military was operating under brute force rule and just as long as the arm of the president finds a reason or even an unfounded suspicion that a person is committing sedition, rebellion, or other political crimes, even without concrete evidence to support such suspicion, then the military shall hastily act and impose grave punishment without regard to due process. We will write a custom essay sample on What Law is? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page These happenings were a clear abuse of the Article 3 Bill of Rights. I believe that the revision of the 1973 Constitution to the 1986 Temporary Freedom Constitution and later revised into the long standing 1987 Constitution is a somewhat reaction to the happenings during martial law. I believe that Article 3 Bill of Rights were revised into a more specific and inviolable form of law in response to the abuses that occurred during the Marcos Regime. Here we can relate that to the Historical and Anthropological Jurisprudence by F.K. Von Savigny that the people of the Philippines rose into a uniting consciousness, hereby the â€Å"Volksgeist† and revolted against oppression and after, imposing a more specific bill of rights. Specially in reference to Section 1 (No person shall be deprived of life), Section 2 (The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects against unreasonable searches and seizures of whatever nature and for any purpose shall be inviolable), Section 3 (Freedom of Speech) and so forth. I also believe that it relates to the Sociological Jurisprudence by Eugen Ehrlich that this constitution is the result of the interaction between the state and society. Wherein the state has abused the people and the people retaliated and took over and placed a compromise to the laws imposed by making it more justified for the people. The laws imposed are of the inner order of associations, which were groups of rebels who took the fight against Martial Law. In the end, it is still the people who are in charge of the state. It is will the will of the people that which is expressed in the imposing of new laws or revision of laws. It is evident that at the time of the EDSA revolution there exist the Volksgeist that which imposed the will of the united consciousness of the people. It is also evident this volksgeist was formed because of the interaction of the people and state. Whenever there is abuse, the people will always be the one who would take action no matter what, someone would unite everyone and fight against oppression.

Tess of the DUrbervilles and The Drivers Seat Essay Example For Students

Tess of the DUrbervilles and The Drivers Seat Essay In the novels, Tess of the DUrbervilles and The Drivers Seat Tess and Lise are presented as victims of many things, mainly society, men, themselves and fate. Firstly, both women are presented as victims of societal and domestic circumstances despite their dissimilar backgrounds; Tess, on one hand, comes from a poor background in a period where women were seen as second-class citizens in comparison with men. Lise however is presented as a very isolated character due to the fact that there is no mention of family in her life. Both women are also portrayed as victims of men; Tess suffers the rape/seduction by Alec and Lise escapes rape herself on numerous occasions. In addition to this, they are both presented as victims of themselves, Tess because of her naivety, extremely passive nature and her good looks; Lise whereas is shown as having a more self-destructive nature, we see this through her search for her type of man. Finally we see them presented as victims of fate; Tess is constantly plagued by her past, yet Lise seems to make her own fate by searching for her killer. The narrative voices are key to both of the novels, Hardy on one hand is constantly foreshadowing Tess future, through Hardy we also learn of Tess thoughts and feelings as not a lot is revealed through her words, Hardy also constantly uses pathetic fallacy to express Tess emotions. Spark has a very different narrative style, she writes from the perspective of a detached observer, unlike Hardys omnipresence, she also is very unsure of the present but is able to tell the future of Lise. In the novel, Tess of the DUrbervilles Hardy presents Tess as a victim of her social and domestic circumstances. Tess is shown as a victim of domestic circumstances many times throughout the novel; an example would be when Tess mother, Joan is trying to force Tess into claiming kinship You must got to her and claim kin the use of the word must by Mrs. Durbeyfield suggests that it is vital that Tess goes to claim kin, it is this urgency that makes Tess go, as she finds herself unable to put her feelings of doubt above her mothers desires. By sending Tess away to claim kin Mrs. Durbeyfield has unknowingly left her nai ve daughter vulnerable to Alec dUrberville, the word her suggests that Mrs. Durbeyfield knows little about the dUrbervilles, meaning that she knew nothing of Alecs nature. This apparent lack of care shown by Tess mother makes the reader feel sympathy for Tess. Tess is also a victim of her drunken and idle father, John Durbeyfield. John spends the night drinking at Rollivers, leaving him in a drunken state. This shows recklessness on his part, as he was unable to handle copious amounts of alcohol He had, in truth, drunk very little- not a fourth of the quantity which a systematic tippler could carry to church on a Sunday afternoon without a hitch in his eastings the words in truth suggest that Johns appearance was not an accurate reflection of his activities, as in truth he had drank much less than it would appear. This recklessness however turned out to have larger consequences for Tess. The next day John Durbeyfield he was in no fit state to make his journey to market, so Tess sets out with her brother Abraham for company. Tess and Abraham are unable to stay awake and collide with a mail cart, killing their horse. Tess feels like a murderess and that she is personally responsible for ruining the family business, which relied heavily on the horse, Tis all my doing-all mine! the repetition of the word all emphasises how Tess is piling the blame onto herself where in actual fact it was a situation she should never have been in, had it not been for her careless father. Such displays of dramatic unfounded admissions from Tess only make things worse for her in the long run as she feels even more obliged to go to the dUrbervilles, thus meeting her eventual downfall in the form of Alec dUrberville. Tess parents evidently can be blamed for starting Tess troubles they seem to be extremely poor at helping her get out of her troubles. Fro example, when Tess returns home pregnant her mother accepts the pregnancy yet is angry and disappointed that Tess has not got Alec to marry her, And yet thst not got him to marry ee! the use of the word yet suggests that Mrs. Durbeyfield expected them to have prepared for marriage long ago. Mrs. Durbeyfield clearly left Tess vulnerable to the advances of Alec but although she saw the affect her actions had had on her daughter she was unable to admit so Well, we must make the best of it, I suppose the words make the best of it suggest that although Mrs. Durbeyfields plan had not gone as she thought she knows that nothing can be done to change the past, so she therefore feels that its not her fault. Tess feels let down be her mother How could I be expected to know? I was a child when I left this house the word child symbolises Tess innocence and lack of life experience, a void which she feels should have been filled by knowledge from her mother. Mrs. Durbeyfield merely saw Tess going to Alec as an easy way out for the family; Tess was made a victim of her familys opportunism. Tess is also a victim of society. In the particular era the novel is written in we know that the society was very male-orientated; men held the most power and women seen almost as mens subordinates. The class system was also of prime importance in pre 1900 England, meaning that Tess was a victim of the class system, as she was a working class citizen; she had little money and very few opportunities. Mrs. Durbeyfield shows an old-fashioned attitude and no understanding of the social divide that made a marriage between Tess and Alec highly improbable in the first place. Lise, in complete contrast is not presented as a victim of direct family pressure; in fact it is probably the lack of family influence that has the greatest affect on Lise. Because of the evident lack of family in Lises life the reader is left to assume her past and present family situation. Because of this Lise is presented by Spark as an isolated character, there is no mention of family or a boyfriend/husband. Lise is also a victim of the society in which she lives, although she lives in a much more liberal society it still has the same male-dominance of Tess era. This is shown through the hierarchy in her place of work, She has five women under her and two men. Over her are two women and five men this shows the uneven split of male and female workers. This spilt suggests a stereotype that women cannot compete in a male-orientated society; this is one of the ways that Lise is presented as a victim and is an issue that is no doubt dear to Sparks heart keeping in mind that she is a feminist writer. Lises need to be the centre of attention makes her a victim of society; she makes herself the centre of attention through the clothes she wears- which are often brightly colours and clash with one another, this unique dress sense is not acknowledged by the people around her, for example when the sales girl talks to her colleague All those colours together the use of the word all by the sales girls suggests that she thinks Lises judgement is poor and that all the colours dont work together. This is not the only time in the novel that we see Lise being victimised for her choice of clothing, just as she is leaving her block of flats Lise is humiliated by the porter My goodness, what colours! the use of my goodness by the porter shows his complete shock, this shows how Lise is presented as a victim of the narrow minded and somewhat conservative society in which she lives. This is not the only way in which Lise is shown as a victim of society, she also finds it necessary to lie to other people about her marital status Yes, I have my boyfriend this is just one of a number of occasions where she blatantly lies to people, usually to impress. This suggests that Lise feels inadequate to the people around her, Lise is presented as a victim of a society that preconceived ideas of what people should be like, or at least thats how Lise views the people around her as thinking. The Hollow Men EssayThis is much like what Alec did to get close to Tess, he offered her a ride home and to help her get away from a confrontational situation. What is different about the rape scenes in each of the novels is the way in which the men act once they are in the company of women; Carlo is presented as being very rough and authoritarian, whereas Alec is presented as being more gentle with Tess, these two affects are put over to the reader mainly through the narrative voice, Hardy uses classic mythology can gentle language, however Spark uses language that presents the situation as being forced and protesting, She kicks him and tries to push him off, gurgling her protests the words kicks, gurgling and protests show the unnaturalness of the situation, the word gurgling suggests that Carlo is smothering her, hoping she will change her mind. Sparks narrative voice is extremely different to Hardys. Sparks narrative is written for the perspective of a detached observer, unlike Hardy is constantly changing is narrative perspective. Sparks narrative in unsure in the present, whereas hardy seems to know all that is happening. Hardy is constantly foreshadowing Tess fate but Spark can tell the future perfect, not sing the hinting words like Hardy, Spark uses simple and clear expression, completely different to the intimacy of Hardys narrative. Finally, in both the novels Tess and Lise are presented as victims of fate. In Tess of the DUrbervilles we know that the lives of the characters are subject to forces beyond their control. Chance and coincidence bring about disasters and the characters have to deal with events in the best way they can. The characters in the novel are often fatalistic about what happens to them and believe in omens and bad luck. Tess mother typifies this view. After talking to Tess and showing her disappointment for Tess not having pressed Alec to marry her when she is pregnant, she says Well, we must make the best of it I suppose. Tis nater, after all, and what do please God! this shows that Mrs. Durbeyfield thinks that their lives are in control of God and that whatever he does is for the best, or at least they should make the most of it. Sometimes the fate lies in the characters own natures; for example Tess pride and her worry for Angels reputation after he has left her from getting help at an earlier stage of her troubles. Also, Angels stubborn morality and his unrealistic ideal of womanhood prevent him from accepting Tess for who she really is. Lise on the other hand appears to create her own fate to a certain extent. She goes and searches for her type which as we find out towards the end of the novel refers to someone who will kill her, not someone that she wants to spend her life with like we would assume it to mean. The fact that Lise appears in control is reflected in the title In The Drivers Seat, it suggests that Lise is in the drivers seat and that she is making her own choices in life, not being controlled some supernatural being, yet it could also be interpreted as the victim sits in the drivers seat. This is totally dissimilar to Tess of the DUrbervilles where the characters seem to be constantly influenced by chance and coincidence. In the Drivers Seat Lises fate is clearly given to the reader, yet you still get the impression that Lise is in control because of her search for her type the fate that is being spelt out is one that she wants. In conclusion I think that both Tess and Lise are presented as victims in a variety of ways, in some cases they are the victims of the same things and sometimes there are not. Tess is presented as a victim of social, domestic, male and fate factors. Hardy does this through various ways. His narrative voice gives an insight into Tess that makes the reader feel sympathy for her, for example with the birds we see her pain and suffering, how she can be compared with the birds-like a hunted animal, this has a deeper impact on the reader and enforces the idea of Tess as a victim. The way Tess is taken advantage of makes the reader worry for Tess as you wonder if she will survive the sexual advances of Alec because she has so little life experience. Tess is also presented as a victim of her own family, not just Alec, this makes the reader see Tess as a victim because it seems as if she has nowhere to turn. Lise is presented as a victim of society, male and fate factors. Spark presents Lise as a very in control character yet when she is victimised she finds it hard to remain in that same frame of mind, she finds herself prone to snap back, an example being with the porter, You are ignorant this shows Lise losing control. Lise also escapes rape narrowly, the reader feels sorry for Lise as we see her being taken advantage of when she is extremely vulnerable and the way Carlo is presented as a rough, unkind and bad-minded attitude makes the reader side even more with Lise. Sparks narrative voice is one that creates a lot of uncertainty around Lises emotions; we can only determine Lises feelings through the things she does, the things she sees and the people she meets. We are never given information as to how Lise got the way she is; the mystery of what drives her is never solved. This presents Lise as a very isolated character, a victim of the lack of family, lack of past and through Sparks narrative a lack of a future. This makes the reader feel a concern for Lise, it makes the reader think that she is being forced into death because of her lack of family and prospects of life, the reader sees her as a victim of domestic and social issues and definitely a victim of herself, through her state of mind. So, in these two novels we can see similarities in the way Tess and Lise are presented as victims. In both novels we see Tess and Lise presented as victims of men, both experience the bad side of men, Tess through the rape/seduction from Alec and Lise narrowly escaping rape by Carlo; another similarity being the way the men are presented in these scenes, Alec and Carlo employ similar tactics to get Tess and Lise where they want them, although Carlo is more opportunist than Alec, they both have a strong desire for sex and see the womens vulnerable situation as a perfect opportunity to capitalise on it. Both Alec and Carlo take the women away from their intended destination yet in Tess of the DUrbervilles, unlike in The Drivers Seat we see the rape/seduction scene presented in a more natural and calm way. Both are presented as victims of fate, Tess constantly being foreshadowed by Hardy and Hardy always hinting at things, yet in The drivers Seat the fate of Lise is spelled out to the reader through Sparks ability to tell the future yet be extremely unsure in the present. So to summarise we see both women presented as victim of many aspects of life, some are themes seen in both novels and sometimes it is shown in varying degrees, the ways they are presented as victims is through the narrative voice mainly, as with Hardy we have lots of suggestion and very little revealed through Tess words and in Sparks we see her tell Lises future, very little is shown through Lises words either.