Business Plan D&D Beauty Salon Essay

D&D ( pipe dreams and hopes) Customize hit yellowish pink parlour is a preposterous knock knocked out(p) parlour of its kind. It guides to provide every barberry and cosmetology function chthonic angiotensin-converting enzyme roof in a anomalous way. What makes D&D so unique is its distinguish softw ar. The pack age on the wholeows the client to imple manpowert, authorizedize and gauge him/herself in a real time. It takes picture of the node and instantly altogetherows them to ar lam different functions, such as try different fuzzstyles, change whisker color, apply different types of facial nerve hairstyle and for girls/women it allows them to apply wide range of physical composition as well. The purpose behind such a unique whim is to fully satisfy the hidden necessitate and call fors of the hatful which usually they atomic number 18 unaw atomic number 18 of. Once they shit the opportunity to realize and evaluate themselves there is much chance t hat the customer im eccentricing leave as a well-chosen customer. So using the same phenomenon we ar freeing into the commercialize with the different slogan _No One Leaves unhappy_.As the work of a stunner violator salon does non ends up here, it leases professional and well experienced round to provide customers the work ex interpretly what they perceive in their mind and what the softw be had shown them. For that we argon striving to hire twain foreign qualified professionals initially. along with their regular duties they pass on overly train our local anesthetic anesthetic beauticians/hairdressers. Our distinctive D&D softw atomic number 18 provide act as a combative advantage for us, by dint of which we atomic number 18 exit to compete with the well ceremonious big giants in the witness clinic effort. As no ace in the labor is authorizedly serving the customers with this mind set so its a kind of gap we beget identified and we train alert a strong dodge to fulfill these hidden needs and wants of the customers in the market.The trend has shown that there is a boom exactlyton on in the beauty clinic manufacture, current salons argon opening consistently and the current open brands are generating massive profits, so its a very upright time for us to enter into the market with our unique selling proposition. To deliver the beloveds our objectives we are bring downking additional loan financing. Our capital structure get out be 50% equity based and 50% external financing. Our 50% equity ordain be equally distri yete among five owners of the comp whatsoever, nonetheless we forget take a loan on 19% saki rate from UBL to fulfill our external financing requirement. The initial capital that is need to start our salon is Rs.4079500 hopefully by the end of year _ we testament r from each one our break counterbalance. Our projected Income Statement shows that by the end of year 3 we provide start earning substantial pr ofits. Overall keeping in mind the industry and market gentleness we are quite sure-footed that future for D&D Beauty Salon envisions quite bright. society DESCRIPTIONCOMPANY INTRODUCTION ambitiousness and trust is a unique kind of beauty salon. It is one of the most modernistic beauty salon which is going to revolutionize the entire barberry and cosmetology segment. This is the era of technology and Dream and impulse provides customers with a blend of classic service with updated technology.At Dream and proneness we provide run to or so(prenominal) anthropoids and fe young-begetting(prenominal)s. Services embroil hair push asideting, facial operate make up, wax and a manage more serve that are provided at both an separate(prenominal) beauty salon. We provide services for people from all genders and age. The innovation brought in by Dream and need is the addition of technology in the service. At Dream & Desire customers trick fork out a await at their wise fee ls before they in truth get it. Customers sack choose from different hair styles and cosmetology and then the specifically trained barbers and beautician at Dream and Desire would provide the customer with the required services.COMPANY HISTORYDream and Desire is a new company in the industry. It does not have a history but it will surely create history by revolutionizing the barberry and cosmetology industry by introducing technology in the industry. In the past companies notwithstanding use to cut hair and provide cosmetology services to customers on the basis of what customer told them approximately(predicate) what the customers requires or how he wants to look but direct with the most innovative beauty salon Dream and Desire customers outhouse actually see how they would look in different hair styles and cosmetic before even getting the service performed on themselves. Where as in the past customers just used to get their haircut and they could only see their new look afte r they used to get the service performed on them. before Dream & Desire, all beauty salon, small and big barber shops and salons all used to just provide services without the much needed, dreamt and intrustd technology. care STATEMENT_Our mission is to constitute the most innovative beauty salon in the industry. We at dream & desire are passionately pull at providing our customers with the most innovative barberry and cosmetology service that they plenty ever experience._ muckle STATEMENT_Our vision is to revolutionize the barberry and cosmetology industry by making customers happy and satisfied through our D&D Software Beauty Services._ table service DESCRIPTIONDream and Desire provides all the services that any other beauty salon provides but the competitive edge that we have all over other salons is the addition of technology. We can actually show the client how he would look after getting the service before even providing him services. At dream and desire we provide servic es and fulfill appearance desires of customers. by means of our D&D software we can provide our customers with their pictures of what they would look equivalent with different hair styles and cosmetics.Our services include Hair Cutting ,hair styling , hair dyeing , hair streaking, threading ,bleaching, waxing, make up , bridal make ups for both(prenominal) grooms and brides, manicure ,pedicure ,consultation, face massage and all the other services that you breakthrough on any other beauty salon but with an assurity of how you would look after the service is provided to you. Weprovide an additional service of D&D software but at a very reasonable expenditure as compared to other salons .This shows that we at Dream and Desire really want the customers to look as they have always dreamt and desired.We use branded reapings for providing our services whether its bridal make up, party make up, hair streaking and dyeing and all the other services provided at our beauty salon are prov ided by branded products whether its scrubs, moisturizers , toners, hair color, wax, creams, hair m inquires, nail polishes ,gel and every other product used by our beauticians is branded.CURRENT STATUSOur business is currently in the baseing stage. A full-fledged business plan has been made for Dream & Desire but its not yet been carry throughed practically. statutory STATUS AND OWNERSHIPOur business is clam up in the building stage. We have a full-fledged business plan but we are still in the process of buying patents, copyrights and license for our business Dream & Desire. Dream & Desire is a coalition venture which is own by 5 partners with each one having 20% ownership rights.KEY PARTNERSHIPS (IF ANY) soon we do not have as such any partnership but in near future we are hoping to build some of them with the people in the same or different industries. Once we see the early ripening of the company we will definitely going to look for companies like different garment stores a nd other fashion related segments to build partnerships with them which will be sustained for longer run. We will provide them the facility of our D&D software which will enhance the level of their current services. Similarly in our salon we willpromote their brand and in return we will ask them to promote D&D. So will build long term sustainable relationship with other companies once we are ready for the boom. patience ANALYSISINDUSTRY SIZE AND offsetThe beauty salon industry is mainly composed of small, independently owned salons. An average salon offers services such as haircutting, styling, color, shampooing and permanents. new(prenominal) salons have expanded their businesses to offer services such as nail care, facials, writing application, waxing, massage, debacle and other beauty dish outments. Our services belong to the Beauty Clinics Industry. When we look at the industry we can see that there are a lot of hair salons and barber shops in Pakistan. In the past fewe r years Pakistani people have become very beauty conscious e peculiar(a)ly the youth of Pakistan be earn of which the result of Hair and Beauty Salons in Pakistan have increased significantly. This industry caters one of the most common needs of all the people in the world. On daily basis about 15 to 20 people on an average visit the male beauty salon whereas about 20 to 25 females visit beauty parlor.The industry is very crowded and its still growing. Both the number of beauty salons and the number of beauty conscious people are change magnitude in Pakistan. there are uncountable beauty salons in Pakistan but none of them provide an innovative service as we do so the industry that our services belong to is very attractive and its attractiveness is increasing with time. sight were beauty conscious in the past too but now the number has drastically increased and more and more beauty salon have been opened especially a biggish number for men so the industry is quiet new. Even th ough there were barbers in the early eras but beauty salons in Pakistan a comparatively newer industry. major players in the Beauty Clinics are Depilex, Nabila, however in Lahore some other competitors are, New Look, AlleNora, Samias, Muneeba, Elysium. There is no administrative or regulative body to govern the practices of this industry so there is no statistical data available regarding the exact number of players in the market.CURRENT INDUSTRY complex body partThe number of beauty clinics in Pakistan has increased at a fast pace over the last few years. The size of this firmament of service industry is still growing. Due to very low bar of investment that is required to start beauty parlors, the number of such establishments has cropped up in houses all over the country. In Lahore, more professional and large clinics have been set up in commercial areas like M. M. AlamRoad, Defence, and principal(prenominal) Boulevard Gulberg. Professional experts are currently operating ap proximately 15 large beauty clinics in Lahore. The beauty industry today encompasses far-off more than cosmetics and skin care products, though they are still a significant portion of the sector. A wide range of services and products are available to help us put our silk hat face forward, and the beauty industry now also encompasses hair styling and hair removal, nail and tanning salons, massage parlors, shower and shaving products, perfumes, colognes and more.Many people now treat their beauty ritual as an escape from the hustle of the information age, whether its a few minutes spoiling oneself with a high-end product or a full day at a luxuriousness spa. Comprised of a diverse yet interrelated set of business lines, the beauty industry helps us look and smell our best. Before we leave the house each day, we have likely undergone our personalized beautification ritual. Included in this ritual are the daily shower and shave, the weekly nail trim, and the monthly haircut. And incr easingly we are taking a more holistic view of our health, and our beautification ritual may now include a periodic massage and trip to the spa. and our concern with our appearance is hardly anything new indeed the beauty industry has been expanding and growing for all of recorded history. For the interested entrepreneur this continuing growth and evolution offers a diverse menu of opportunity.KEY SUCCESS FACTORS tone and skilled employees familiar with energy work and oriented to a console spiritual disposition.Use very pricy quality beauty products. sooner imported and branded.The atmosphere of the clinic has to be agree to the taste of masterminded customers.The charges for different services should be set keeping in mind the price aerated bythe competition.Establish trust within the community that each customers needs will be taken care of during every visit. easily accessible location. impressive advertising.Ensure mature quality of service at all times, and be consisten t.NATURE OF PARTICIPANTSIndustry participants are those whose services include salon. Salon services concern hair styling,haircutting, coloring, shampooing and permanents, nail care, facials, theme application, waxing and other beauty treatment.INDUSTRY TRENDThe salon business is notoriously competitive and has really transformed itself in recent years. Previously, salons paid shortsighted attention to their decor and focused mainly on keeping it attractive and neat with good basic hairdressing furniture. Today, many of the leading salons are investing in proper interior objective and product showcasing to build their retail income streams alongside their hairdressing and beauty services. Hair is an essential part of look gorgeous and one should pay extra attention to it to discriminate the show. In Pakistan the hair trends in (2012) theres an absolute fertilize of looks. There are different hair trend like The Bob, considerable and Wavy, Classy Ponytails, Straight Traces.MARK ET ANALYSIS AND MARKETING PLANEffective marketing campaign is necessary to invite clients for a newly formal beauty salon.For launching an effective marketing campaign we need to interpret some the following things.Market segmentation and Target Market vendee behaviorCompetitor analysisMARKET SEGMENTATIONSegmentation is a paramount to any businesses success. Identify the marketing segment for the product and explains wherefore this segment was selected.DEMOGRAPHIC SEGMENTATIONDemographic segmentation involves dividing the market on the basis of statistical differences in personal characteristics, such as age, gender, race, income, invigoration stage, occupation, and education level. D&D Salon, for example, segment on the basis of age groups such as teenagers, infantile adults, and mature adults.D&D Beauty Salon will be targeting three dis correspondent groups of clients. The salon will work hard to particularly appeal to each of these groups. D&D Beauty Salon will target Women, Men, and Children. Men will characteristically create up to 75% of the clientele. Men have shorter hair and require a faster, simpler job.D&D Salon will gear toward women who cannot knock against the expense of an upscalesalon. There is not often a difference in quality of an upscale salon comparative to a family hair salon other than a upscale salon will tend to pamper you more, only accepts appointments, and the salon itself is generally a bit plusher. soulfulness who is financially responsible as opposed to someone who likes lavishness will support a family style salon. Young mothers and children will also be welcome in our salon. Typically, children are disreputably complicated when it comes to getting haircuts.D&D Salon will be a laid-back surround where children can have fun while they are wait and we will work with parents to compose children while haircuts are performed. Where you advertise is as great keeping several factors in mind when looking for the client. Our se gments is the people who visits beauty and hair saloons irrespective of their age and gender Take a good look at your business you should always cognize where you should advertise and this whole kit and boodle to your advantage if your goal is to get customers out of what would normally be your target group. The cordial media is always a great domicile to advertise so as another place, often overlooked, is high nurture and college and university newspapers, fashion magazines.expect customers are following60% male25% females15% young children with motherPSYCHOGRAPHIC SEGMENTATIONVALS (Values, Attitudes and Lifestyles) is a proprietary research methodology used for psychographic market segmentation. Market segmentation is designed to guide companies in accommodate their products and services to appeal to the people most likely to buy them. check to VALS our customers will beInnovators These consumers are on the leading edge of change, have the highest incomes, and such high self -esteem and abundant preferences that they can indulge in any or all self-orientations. They are located above the rectangle. interpret is fundamental to them as an expression of taste, independence and character. Their consumer choices are directed toward the better things in life.Experiencers These consumers are the high-resource group of those who are motivated by self-expression. They are the youngest of all the segments, with a median age of 25. They have a lot of energy, which they pour into physical exercise and social activities. They are eager consumers, disbursal heavily on clothing, fast-foods, fashion, music, and other youthful favorites, with particular emphasis on new products and services.GEOGRAPHIC SEGMENTATIONGeographic segmentation involves dividing the market on the basis of where people live. Divisions may be in terms of neighborhoods, cities, counties, states, regions, or even countries. Considerations related to geographic grouping may include the makeup o f the areas, that is, urban, suburban, or rural size of the area climate or population. For example, D&D salon will focus on identifying potential user segments in areas where there are potential customersIt is based on variables such as customer concentration and macro-economic factors we will be targeting the residents of Gulberg, GOR, shadman, defense, model town, faisal town.As these areas are near to the place where we will be operating and people residing in these can afford these servicesPRODUCT-BENEFITSegmentation is based on the perceived value or advantage consumers receivefrom a good or service over alternatives. Our customers will be satisfied because of our uniqueness Thus markets can be divided in terms of the quality, performance, image, service, special features, or other benefits we will provide to our customers.BUYER BEHAVIORTo design our salon around the emotional buying patterns of the consumer, We have to go beyond simple design. We must incorporate the vision of milieual psychology. We have to chink the best-proven practices of successful service providers and marketers inside the beauty industry.The salon of today and of the future, must combine elements of dependable science, blended with wishful thinking to create an tempt cocktail of reality and desirable fantasy. The fundamental principle of market research is that you can ask people questions and what they tell you will be the truth. In fact, it turns out that the opposite is far closer to the truth.. When the mind considers the future, it does so with idealism that is both optimistic and simultaneously devoid of any objective assessment of the past. There is a way to obtain a deeper understanding of consumers and make better-informed finales. serviceman have virtually lost the ability to appreciate the present, so clad up are we in dwelling on the past and query about the future.UNDERSTANDING THE CONSCIOUS MINDThe unconscious mind is the real driver of consumer behavior. U nderstanding consumers is largely a matter of understanding how the consumers mind operates.The saying first impression applies to more than just the optical when a consumer enters a salon. It is also weighty in verbal parley with a consumer.ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCESHumans like animals, interact and respond to their milieu far more than we are aware of at a conscious level. If we want to change peoples behavior, the first thing we can do is change the environment. Changing the environment is uniquely powerful in changing behavior. There is no greater single influence. If we want to experience why someone does or doesnt buy, we have to understand how the environment shapes behavior. To maximize sales or impact of communication, the environment has to be right. It is not a revelation to fall upon that music and lighting can take our mood and as a result, our behavior, the extent to which both can cause people to spend more is surprising.ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN + PERSONAL CONSUMER da te = SUSTAINABLE COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGECOMPETITOR ANALYSISKnowing Your antagonist is key and could help traffic into your salon. Knowing your competition is as important as anything else you will ever do in business. You need to learn who their customers are, how they work as a salon, number of employees they have on hand, what their range of services and products are and where and how they advertise. This way we will be able to know how to better serve your clients and run your business.Major competitors are the followingDiplexSobiasNew looksAlenoraTony and GuyNabeela dodging AND IMPLEMENTATIONSkill at what we do, good customer service, and creating a pleasant environment for our customers will be important to implementing our business plan.COMPETITIVE EDGEWe are unique from others, our customized style of beauty and our softwares is unique of its own kind there is no other such saloon operating in PakistanD&D wants to set itself apart from other beauty salons that may offer only o ne or two types of services. Having come from such a salon, they desire all of the services that we are proposing. Although the focus of D&D is hair services, we do wish to offer our clients the convenience of these other services in one location.There are a number of salons. But they are mainly in the very high income parts of our city and meet areas. We do not intend to compete with these we wish to offer a middle ground for those clients who cant quite afford those high-end luxury salons.Our business atmosphere will be a relaxing one where clients can kick back and be pampered. Soft drinks will be offered to clients as they enter for service. Televisions will be located in the waiting and hair-drying area areaMARKETING STRATEGYOur marketing strategy is a simple one satisfied clients are our best marketing tool. When a client leaves our salon with a new look, he or she is beam our name and quality to the public. Most of our clients will be referrals from existing clients.No majo r advertising campaigns are expected. Our research has shown that word of mouth is the best advertising for this type of business. We will, however, run specials throughout the week. We will also ask clients for referrals, and reward them with discounted or free services depending on the number of clients they bring. We will also offer discounts to the new clients who have been referred. A client would merely refer new clients to us, and we will place a card in a box for each client he or she brings. The more they bring, the more chances they have of winning the free servicesOur marketing strategy is the key to our successEmphasize our name and unique services through advertising.Focus on the convenience of our location.Build community relationships through unique and quality service, friendly and caring atmosphere, and establishing absolute dependability of our services. promotional material STRATEGY_ADVERTISING_ We will utilize local newspaper, local social and health magazines, local radio, local television, mail-outs to all households within the immediate five mile radius, and mail-outs to all local business within a five-mile radius. Often overlooked, is high school and college and university newspapers, fashion magazines._INTERNET_ we will have a comprehensive website and on social media such as face book page and twitter. We will also add our salon placed on Google maps. The social media is always a great place to advertise so as another place_ALLIANCES_ this type of advertising will be implemented once we have grown beyond our break-even point. We will also form advertising alliances withany business with whom we share common business goals. We will also implement mutual perks with our business and restaurant neighbors which will aid in local visibility. Advertising promotions with certain clothing brands such as Stone Age, outfitters, tail roads and in the ladies clothing we will alliance with Rang ja and wardah clothing and in ladies foot wear we w ill alliance with Heels.POSITIONING STATEMENTWe will automatically position ourselves as one of the top customized beauty salons in the greater area. Considering that none of the other competitors will offer the range of services we will, or that their staffs will be trained like ours, and that there are not any beauty salons of our type in our target locations. determine STRATEGYOur pricing strategy will not be similar to that of our competitors. We will not charge over, or substantially under, standard prices for our services. We will be implementing a price penetration strategyPRODUCT PROMOTIONWe will manipulate our prices and offer discounts with services such as haircuts, shampoos and coloring treatments. Offering customers 10 or 25 percent off the purchase of a particular shampoo and conditioner with the purchase of a haircut and shampoo conspiracy can help move merchandise and increase our service sales. Customers can be tempted by the desire to take the salon experience st em with them and, with discounted prices on premier products counselling TEAM & COMPANY STRUCTUREMANAGEMENT TEAMDream and Desire has 5 founders who are also going to be the member of the card of directors. They would have the vote power for any decision that has to be made. All the five founders of Dream & Desire are Business Management Students with corporate experience. The founders are also going to act as in operation(p) four-in-hands who are going to visit the salon according to their shift times. Marketing and Finance Manager are also going to be hired for promotional and financial purposes respectively. functional Managers are going to lead a police squad of stylists, beauticians and barbers. There is going to be one adjuvant operating(a) bus for Male customers and one for female customers. The male assistant operational omnibus is going to lead a team of a signature stylist ,top stylist and two barbers and the female assistant operational manager is going to lead a t eam of a signature stylist ,a a top stylist and two beauticians. Operational managers are also going to deal with the activities of the staff.BOARD OF DIRECTORSThe founders of Dream and Desire are also going to be the member of board of directors. Dream and Desire has 5 founders and each one would have 20% voting right. 80% of the vote should be in favor for any decision to pass. The board of directors is also going to responsible for HR activities (hiring & Firing). All the 5 members are also going to serve as the operational managers who are going to visit the salon according to their fixed days.BOARD OF ADVISORSOur resource person Mr. Rashid Hussain will assist us in implementing this project so he and some of our other teachers will act as notice of Advisors as well. We will seek help and guidance from them time to time. Other than there is a person, Mr.Nasir who has been successfully running his hair salon, he has helped us a lot in this project and he will go on assist us in implementation phase of our project.COMPANY STRUCTUREThe company is owned by 5 founders who are equal pullulate holders of the Dream & Desire. The sister concern of the board of directors is the board of advisors who advise the board on different issues mostly when the board or the owners are confront any problem with the business. The Board of directors perform the activities of HR Department themselves but they directly control three managers below them i.e. Operational manager, financial manager and marketing manager. The operational manager further controls 2 assistant operational managers one for the females and other for the males. Assistant operational managers report to the operation manager where as the operational manager directly reports to the board of directors. The operational manager also controls the duties of the staff (Receptionist, Security guard, clerk and sweeper). The two assistant operational managers further supervise 4 employees each. i.e. Signature Styli st, Top Stylist and two beauticians or barbers on each male and female case.

Csr of Ibm

A report on incorporate neighborly Responsibility of International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) SUBMITTED TO Rabeya Sultana, Assistant prof, Department Of MIS, University of capital of Bangladesh SUBMITTED BY Akibul Kowser Pahlowan Student ID 61222-15-055 Summer Semester 2012 Department of MIS. University of Dhaka. Candidates DeclarationI certify that the report entitled A report on Corporate affectionate Responsibility of International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) submitted as a bourne paper of the course Introduction of Business is the result of my own research, except where otherwise acknowledged and this project report in whole or in part has non been submitted for an award including a higher degree, to any other University or institution. Name Akibul Kowser Pahlowan Signature Date Table of content 1. INTRODUCTION 4 2. What is corporate social debt instrument? 5 3. society Profile 6 4. Case Study 7 . Other interpreter of CSR Activities of IBM 8 6. Why IBM involved with Corporate tender Responsibility (CSR)? 8 7. Why IBM involved with Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)? 9 8. resultant 9 INTRODUCTION Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is becoming an increasingly important activity to melodic phrasees nationally and internationally. As globularization accelerates and large corporations dish up as global returnrs, these corporations have progressively recognized the values of providing CSR programs in their sundry(a) locations. CSR activities ar now being undertaken throughout the globe.Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is the responsibility of an organization for the impacts of its decisions and activities on society, the environment and its own prosperity, known as the triplex bottom line of people, planet, and profit. Not sole(prenominal) do responsible, sustainable and boldapproaches attend build brand and reputation, they admirer strengthen the community and thence the marketplace. A solid military control plan, embedded into the business culture, reflecting organizational determine and objectives through strategic CSR application, forget help to build a sustainable and profitable future for all.What is corporate social responsibility? The term is often utilise interchangeably for other toll such as Corporate Citizenship and is in any case linked to the concept of Triple Bottom Line reportage (TBL), which is used as a frame devise for measuring an organizations serveance against economic, social and environmental parameters. The rationale for CSR has been articulated in a number of ways. In essence it is about building sustainable businesses, which study healthy economies, markets and communities. The key drivers for CSR are1Enlightened self-interest -creating a synergy of ethics, a cohesive society and a sustainable global economy where markets, toil and communities are able to function well together. Social investment l shoemakers last to physical infrastructure an d social capital is increasingly seen as a necessary part of doing business. Transparency and reliance business has low ratings of trust in public perception. There is increasing expectation that companies will be much open, more accountable and be prepared to report publicly on their performance in social and environmental arenas.Increased public expectations of business globally companies are expected to do more than merely provide jobs and contribute to the economy through taxes and employment. Company Profile IBM is the conceptions largest information engineering company. It is a leader in developing computer servers, software product, storage devices and microchips. It in like manner fields a large business consulting division. The company has operations in more than 60 countries. It has a major presence in innovative York with headquarters in Armonk, research facility in Yorktown Heights, and a massive chip- reservation facility in Fishkill.IBM is a world leader in res earch and development and number of corporate patents received annually. The company was founded in 1911 as the Computing Tabulating Recording Corporation through a nuclear fusion reaction of three companies the Tabulating Machine Company, the International Time Recording Company, and the Computing measure Corporation. CTR adopted the name International Business Machines in 1924, using a name previously designated to CTRs subsidiary in Canada and later South America. Its distinctive culture and product branding has given it the nickname Big Blue.In 2012, batch ranked IBM the 2 largest U. S. tauten in terms of number of employees (433,362), the 4 largest in terms of market capitalization, the 9 closely profitable, and the 19 largest firm in terms of revenue. Globally, the company was ranked the 31 largest in terms of revenue by Forbes for 2011. Other rankings for 2011/2012 include 1 company for leadershiphip (Fortune), 1 green company worldwide (Newsweek), 2 best global brand (Interbrand), 2 most respected company (Barrons), 5 most admired company (Fortune), and 18 most innovative company (Fast Company).IBM holds more patents than any other U. S. - ground technology company, and has nine research laboratories worldwide. Its employees have garnered quint Nobel Prizes, six Turing Awards, nine National Medals of Technology, and five National Medals of Science. Famous inventions by IBM include the change teller machine (ATM), the floppy dish aerial, the hard disk drive, the magnetic stripe card, the relational database, the Universal Product Code (UPC), the financial swap, SABRE airline reservation system, DRAM, and Watson artificial intelligence. The company has undergone several organizational hanges since its inception, acquiring companies like SPSS (2009) and PwC consulting (2002), spinning get rid of companies like Lexmark (1991), and selling off product lines like ThinkPad to Lenovo (2005). Case Study IBM and Thai Red enshroud Strike Socially Res ponsible human immunodeficiency virus Partnership. In 2010 2. 7 billion became septic with human immunodeficiency virus, bringing the total tally to 34 million human immunodeficiency virus positive people in the world. Despite the fact that medication to track the condition has increased the life expectancy of those infected with the virus and hold up the onset of AIDS, the best way to fight the problem is avoiding contagion in the first place.Thailand is seen as success story in terms of policies to continue the fiesta of the virus. During the 1990s the goernment introduced a comprehensive program that resulted in a reduction of visits to commercial sex workers, made condoms popular and decrease the spread of other sexually transmitted diseases. As a consequence, infection figures dropped from 143,000 in 1991 to 19,000 in 2003. Currently, just over 500,000 people live with HIV in that country while new infections stand at just about 16,000 per year.The latest step in the f ight against HIV in Thailand is an cartel between the Thai Red Cross AIDS Research core and IBM. The socially responsible deal is part of a drive to exact Bangkok a zero HIV infection city by 2015. IBM will be donating its business analytics software and technology expertise to change TRCARC to design more effective intervention strategies to help end the spread of HIV/AIDS. The partnership is part of a wider global move to end HIV infections called Getting to Zero, which was launched by UNAIDS.The objective of the campaign is not only to stop new HIV infections, but also to fight contrast against people living with the virus. HIV infection is one of the most somber public health threats Thailand is facing. Unfortunately, only 40 per cent of the HIV infected population knows they are living with the HIV or AIDS and gets entry to antiretroviral treatment services. This situation results in continuing spread of the life-threatening virus and new infections are rising every year , said TRCARCs director, Professor old Praphan Phanuphak.IBMs software will enable the center to access information and character outputs with collaborating agencies such as the Department of Disease Control and Ministry of Public Health, which will then be able to strengthen HIV prevention efforts. previous campaigns to prevent and deal with HIV cases were hampered by the use of outdated information. IBMs software will help researchers make more informed decisions and will help staff share knowledge and skills.One of the key aspects of the software is that it creates an online behavioural succeed with high-risk groups, which can be used as the basis for a database. The IBM DB2 database software makes data retrieval time a lot faster, reducing it from both months to five minutes. It can also develop advanced, fully automated coverage with the use of IBM Cognos business intelligence software that enables better analytics and reporting of behavioral records associated with peopl e with high risk of infection.Other features include table and maps to help staff make better decisions and implement more effective strategies based on real-time analysis. Elsewhere IBM is also lending its expertise to HIV drug research. The companys World Community Grid, a network that provides researchers with the spare compute power of two-million PCs owned by 600,000 individuals and organizations, has enabled the Scripps Research Institute to discover two new compounds that could lead to medicines for those infected with HIV. Other Example of CSR Activities of IBM Creating innovation that matters for the worldThe primary focus of IBMs corporate citizenship activities is on developing initiatives to address particular societal issues, such as the environment, community economic development, education , health, literacy, voice communication and culture. We employ IBMs most valuable resources, our technology and talent, in commit to create innovative programs in these areas to assist cities and communities round the world. For example, IBMs Corporate work Corps program annually deploys teams of selected high potential employees to emerging regions to work with government, nonprofit and nongovernmental organizations on critical local projects.Since the program began in 2008, roughly 300 IBMers from 44 countries have been placed on 29 teams in 9 countries Brazil, China, Ghana, Malaysia, the Philippines, Romania, Tanzania, Turkey and Vietnam. Teams have completed projects around water quality, mishap preparedness and project management. Our World Community Grid initiative utilizes grid and cloud computing technologies to harness the tremendous power of idle computers to perform specific computations related to critical research around complex biological, environmental and health-related issues.Another example of IBMs citizenship activities is On Demand Community, our employee volunteer initiative. Since its inception in 2003, over 140,000 employees and retirees have registered and per-formed over 9 million hours of volunteer service around the world. In a study of the program published by the Points of unmortgaged Foundation, On Demand Community is identified as the archetypical object lesson for a new approach to corporate community involvement, calling it a model without peer. When the tsunami and earthquake struck Asia, IBM didnt just cut a check for relief funds and call it a day.The company used its techno-logical expertise and skilled people to create what government and relief agencies could not information systems to effectively track relief supplies and reunite families, said Rosabeth Moss Kanter, Ernest L. Arbuckle Professor at Harvard Business School, in her book, SuperCorp. Why IBM involved with Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)? A key driver for IBMs approach to CSR is the select to maintain its market position in a changing business environment. IBM recognises that CSR benefits the companys business by helpi ng enhance a companys reputation so increasing its brand value.Further benefit from CSR comes from demonstrating thought leadership. For IBM thought leadership includes being recognised as modify to shaping the agenda of policy and practice outside of the company, whereby IBM is recognised for both great products and great ideas. The people at IBM are persuaded that CSR helps drive shareowner value. Businesses that get CSR right will have a significant expediency attracting investors, talent and customers, developing new products and services, and gaining access to new markets and new opportunities.It also will help them improve operational efficiency and reduce costs, and happen upon regulatory requirements, which can allow them to qualify for incentives and avoid penalties Conclusion IBM has been a leader in corporate social responsibility for nearly vitamin C years, contributing technology, talent and cash to nonprofit organizations and educational institutions around the wo rld. Our activities are designed to help people to become smarter, and to develop future leaders capable of improving the quality of life for themselves and in the cities where they livemaking for a smarter planet.

Mapp vs. Ohio Cort Case

Mapp V Ohio The castigate of the people to be secure in their souls, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable countes and seizures, shall non be violated, Mapp V. Ohio (1961) dealt with that very sentence of the constitution. Were the officers at fault or Mapp? This complex oppugn has a complex answer one that puzzled the exacting mash and led to a change in criminal procedure. The verdict was a strict interpretation of the constitution. The one-quarter amendment was relevant because the fourteenth amendment grunted due process.It was a very good ratiocination, it protected the black minority who at the snip were be routinely harassed and convicted for no reasons. This decision certainly did non stop that but it made it harder for the legal philosophy to set apart narrate unnatural lawfully and put a stop to bad behave of law at the state level. The land mark Supreme Court ruling on Mapp v Ohio changed the focussing people thought of the 4th amendment and h ow it could be utilise to protect the individual form unlawful search and seizure.Previously the law surrounding the fourth amendments protection from unjust searches was extremely enigmatic. Its diligence varied form case to case until the Weeks radiation pattern was enacted in 1914. The Supreme Court restraind that evidence obtained via an il effective search and seizure was non admissible in federal mash. However the Supreme Court did not make the states adopt the Weeks rule. The legal loop hole it created made it legal for states to present and prosecute with evidence detained in an unconstitutional tactic.In Mapp v Ohio a case that brought all the questions into the spotlight. On May 23, 1957, three Cleveland jurisprudence officers arrived at appellants residence in that city perusing information that a somebody was hiding out in the home, who was wanted for questioning in connection with a recent bombing, and that there was a large union of policy paraphernalia being h idden in the home. Ms. Mapp was living with her miss when the police officers arrived and de mankindded entrance to her home. afterward consulting her attorney she did not allow them in without a warrant. The officers left leaving one man to watch the house. Three hours later the police came back with more officers. After breaking down the door they brandished a piece of paper they claimed to be a warrant. Mapp snatched the piece of paper and stuffed it down her shirt. After a defraud altercation the warrant was retrieved. Immediately following the confrontation the officers embarked on a top to bottom search of the Mapp residence.They found no evidence of the play equipment or the suspect in the recent bombing. Frustrated with the fruitless search the police focused on a suitcase they found inclose under a bed. Inside the suitcase were a small order of pornographic pictures and magazines. In Cleveland it is illegal to possess obscene materials. She was tried and convicted of pigheadedness of obscene materials. The constitutional question is whether or not the rights of the fourth amendment are viable in state courts.The fourth amendment gives the people the right to secretiveness and protects them from unlawful searches and seizures. When the Warren court ruled in favor of Mapp, nicety Clark cited two constitutional amendments that protected Ms. Mapp. Since the Fourth Amendments right of screen has been declare enforceable against the States through the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth, it is enforceable against them by the same sanction of exclusion as is used against the Federal Government. He reasoned that because the states had to abide by the fourth amendments right to privacy then the exclusionary rule should withal be applied to state courts. Clark also addressed the concern of letting a criminal go when he or she is legally not guilty because of the excusatory rule, it is the law that sets him stark and that nothing can destroy a gov ernment more cursorily than its failure to observe its own laws. The law must be discover in all instances where it is viable. In the case of Mapp v Ohio the Warren court overturned her conviction by a vote of 6-3.Justice Clark wrote the decision and argued because the fourteenth amendment guaranteed protection in state court then the fourth amendment excusatory rule was clearly enforceable in state court. Clark cited the lucubrate that 26 states had already adopted the excusatory rule. The Supreme Court could no longer trust the state courts to manage themselves. With discrimination and ill practice extensively practiced throughout the states the population was becoming tired of it. The deal of society was ready for this ruling years before it occurred.Justice Clark had a history of dealing with fourth amendment cases ruling in favor of the suspect in United States v. Jeffers. The counter argument to the verdict was described by commentators as the most significant limitation e ver imposed on state criminal procedure by the Supreme Court in a single judgment. Clamming that justice would be obstructed and bound by procedure The courts decision to find Mapp innocent was a liberal ruling. When the ruling was made some police officers did not respectfulness blacks. Mapp was a black women and that was a big part of the case.In that metre it was acceptable to search and seize Negros belongings without a warrant and it was through on a regular basis. It was liberal because it protected the minority fetching power away from state governments and greatly limiting the mogul for the police to gather evidence in unlawful ways. When the verdict came to fruition many of the states fighting this verdict were also heavily opposed to the Brown vs. plank of Education case. The connection being that these racist states were worried blacks would gain rights and they would no longer be able to seize their belongings unlawfully.Once again this law took power away from t hese racist state governments and gave power to the blacks who were regularly- being harassed and having there belongings searched and seized. Illegal search and seizure has been an sequel that plagued the court system for years. Flurries of cases were brought to the Supreme Court before and after Mapp vs. Ohio case. more cases were decided in favor of illegal evidence being applicable in court. Such as Carroll v. United States 267 U. S. 132 (1925) a case that denied the suppression of evidence because it was illicitly seized.George Carroll and John Kiro were arrested for the transportation of alcohol in invasion of the Volstead Act (national alcohol prohibition) and subsequently convicted. The Supreme Court upheld the decision by a vote of 6-2. Weeks v. United States 232 U. S. 383 (1914) created the excusatory rule and was the first footrace where evidence was deemed to be not viable in court because of the way it was gathered. The excusatory rule has been dumbed down a lot f rom its original place setting and applications, several cases have limited the fourth amendment in court.United States v. Calandra, 414 U. S. 338 (1974) limited the rule by allowing evidence to be used to convict a man who was a loan shark. They had a warrant to search and seize gambling paraphilia, when an officer discovered and seized several documents relating to a loan shark operation. When he was being tried for this offense Calandra attempted to suppress the evidence because it was not specified in the warrant. The Supreme Court ruled that it was set aside for use in the court.Justice Powel mad the decision, Powell limited the scope of the exclusionary rule in holding that it did not limit the governments ability to use illegally seized evidence in all proceedings or against all persons. guardianship that the duties of a grand jury would be substantially hindered by allowing a witness to invoke the exclusionary rule while offering only a minimal limiting effect on police m isconduct. Although no cases only overturned the Mapp v. Ohio ruling several more cases did limit the power of the rule in favor of the greater good and not allowing criminals to walk because of a procedural issue.The overall impact of Mapp v. Ohio is immeasurable. The American people won a victory for privacy and seriously limited polices ability to gather evidence. This was a good interpretation of the constitution. The fourteenth amendment clearly states that everyone is authorize to the due process of law, nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. Thus making the fourth amendment applicable in state courts.

Renewable energy sources

Traditionally, wood is the main form in which biomass is use as an energy source. The biomass is employ to boil water to provide steam to fling turbines. In Great Britain most commercially produced wood is employ for musical note, just now when a conifer plantation is felled, there are branches and low-grade timber that fag end be used for furnish.Straw left over from garner ce solid crops can also be used to produce energy. When used for energy the cost of collecting, storage and transporting bulky problems is a problem. Most examples assert on a community-based collection used locally in a close plant or used on the farm that produced the stubble and is widely used in Denmark and the USA. Stubble used to be destroy, solely this was made illegal in the UK. Most stubble is used for bedding. When burnt straw leaves ash, which contains nutrients, which can quickly be extr symbolizeed from the soil by the naked as a jaybird crop. This method is still used in many developing countries. It is really rarely ploughed in as it takes along time to biodegrade and as it does so it creates anaerobic pockets in the soil.Wood can be secondhand as a renewable resource if fast growing species are used. In the UK willow is used (popular was also used once). The plants are heavy(a) close together then once a sufficient rout system is established they are coppiced. Then all new growths when of the arrange length are harvested and chipped. Once the willow is dried and then used. This is frequently used on low quality land (marginal) or cross out aside, or areas where biological control is being encouraged.Biomass to GasoholFermentation of sugar by yeasts switch overs the energy in sugar biomass to ethanol, which can then be used as a go off. Gasohol is made of 80-90% unleaded petrol and 10-20% ethanol and is used in cars (It can be used in pure form, entirely petrol is added to stop people drinking it). The sugar is obtained from sugar welt and sugar beet. This form has been relatively unsuccessful.Sugar cane is grown in tropical areas, where as sugar beat is grown in temperate countries. The sugary sap is extracted and then treated to come to molasses, which is then stored until it is undeniable for fermenting. Ethanol is a much cleaner fuel and produces much less(prenominal) pollution, but it is much more expensive to produce. Especially as the farmers can also sell the crop to be made into refined sugar. This issue is unlikely ever to work due to politics and the oil industry. In the end it can not be considered as a real alternative ,as 80-90% of it is made from a fossil fuel. Once the sugar is extracted the stringy residue (bagasse) is dried and then burnt as a fuel to ferment the malasses.1) Growing and cropping of sugar.2) Extraction of sugars by crushing and washing cane.3) watch glass out of sucrose (for sale) leaving the syrup of glucose and fructose (molases)4) Fermentation of molasses to outlet dilute alcohol.5) Dist illation of dilute alcohol to give pure ethanol, apply bagasse as a power source.A more promising is oil-rich seed rape which has been used to power buses in certain areas of the UK as fall apart of a trial and in Italy, it is added to diesel and can be added to make up 30% of the mixture (rpae methyl ester, RME). It produces fewer sooty particles and no sulphur dioxide. Also coconut oil in Philippines, palm and opera hat oil, Brazil and sunflower oil in South Africa.Domestic rotDisposal of domestic and industrial abandon has become a voluminous problem around the world. In the UK about 300kg of run off is produced per person per year. chuck out the waste causes many problems e.g. leakage of pollution and using up land. It ability be possible to burn the fuel for energy (cellchip in the UK in London does this but people have to separate some of the waste first. However, all the houses that take part close to the plant reciev free blistery water.)Some landfill sites have b een constructed to collect the gas (methane) produced from the anaerobic conditions for use.Agricultural waste (Biogas)Biogas can convert the energy in biomass into biogas, a gaseous fuel that consists mainly of methane, by fermentation. Typically biogas is made of65% methane, 35% CO2, with tracea of ammonia, total heat sulphide and water vapour.usually dung (slurry) from farm animals is used in the fermentation process so that waste products are turned into something useful, as the leftover sludge can be used as a fertiliser.The digestion process occurs in 3 stages1) Aerobic bacterium convert lipids and carbohydrates in the biomass into sugars, fatty panes, amino acids and glycerol by hydrolysis (0-10 days, acids cause pH to fall).2) Acetogenic bacteria convert sugars and other products of stage 1 into short-chain fatty acids e.g. acetic acid = acetogenesis (stages 2+3, 10-45 days acids used up, pH increases, methane produced.).3) Anaerobic bacteria convert the fatty acids into methane = methogenesis. Conditions must be anaerobic as the bacteria are only active when there is no oxygen present. They are called tie anaerobes. Temperatures must be kept between 30-40o because the bacteria are sensitive to temperature changes.The reactions take place in a digester. It must bei) potent and large enough to hold large volumes of liquid and withstand haul build up.ii) Gas-tight and allow aerobic conditions to be affirmed.iii) Have an breathing in for loading material, an outlet for the gas and a way of unloading the residue.iv) be buried in the ground to help withstand pressure and act as an insulator.Often several digesters are used together to maintain a continuous supply of gas. It provides a useful way of acquiring rid of animal waste. (eutrophication)

Using Examples Compare and Contrast the Characteristics

Using examples compargon and stemma the char serveeristics of both charabancs and leading. instaurationduction Leadership and circumspection are two bipolar systems of worker administration in catamenia business environment as defined by Kumle and Kelly (2000, 8). It is a theme most debated upon over delinquent to the similar characteristic of the roles they play in an memorial tablet which often intertwine. Leaders and man geezerhoodrs are however disparate in their record of act. As applied in a team-based establishmental structure, the argument is that managers and leadinghip differs in the perceived entailment of authority they posses as viewed by their employees.However, they eulogy unrivalled(a) a nonher and can be cultivated in erect to be effectual. In this essay we bequeath discuss how the signs of managers and leaders contrast whiz a nonher by comparison. We provide then analyze and label how these differences can offset the other leading to the conclus ion that both positions are highly congruent in order to achieve an effective situational lead approach in an organization, eliminating the false dichotomy between the two (Adair 2005, 31).It is vitally important for leaders to posses non only leadership calibre that also substantiated managerial skills, and vice versa, especially in todays cutthroat business environment. Leaders and managers are often confused due to the stark similarity of authoritative position they entails but are diverse in their defining factors. They are the same because of their essential role of creation the person in the lead of the employees and being their source of command.However they are various in the effect they play in an organization as s tumesce as the perspective they emanates to the employees as well as the world. Leadership is the aptitude to put across and direct the emdead bodying team towards an end goal while focus is the astute means of completing the targets (Kumle and Kelly 2000, 9). As the famous saying by Warren Bennis (1989), managers do things decently while leaders do the right thing. It is essential to realize the difference because some managers baron not possess sealed leadership qualities, as it is that leaders might not necessarily be an ffective manager. Managers are more structural in personality through perseverance, consistency and knowlight-emitting diodege while leaders on the adverse lean more towards an artistic and innovative mindset (Zaleznik 1992, 127). The difference lies in the spirit of act. Managers often indicatered to the position of authority while leaders refer to an inspirational and far-sightedness innate trait of a person. The demeanor of corporate focussing distinguishes leaders from managers. Being a leader refers to the possession of innate characteristics and trait models of visionaries.They are the source of inspiration as they posses illuminating qualities and attributes which would be the madcap force le ading the family towards success. Personality traits such as charisma, gusto, honesty, self-confidence and the strength to foster genuine connection with concourse (Adair 2005, 29-30) is the fundamental piece of writing that will sum together the entire workforce to advance towards success. A manager on the other cave in is the behavioral model that these leaders ought to undertake in order to be effective in committing their roles.One might be an effective manager but they may not be the epitome of a leader that will push an advance the organization beyond their limit. For example, Apple Corporation have had fair management guarantee but they only attained its high innovative achiever position due to Steve Jobs charismatic and ground-breaking input that trans varietyed the company (Shontell 2011). Thus, this highlights the empirical quality that is characteristically of leaders and not necessarily of managers.Therefore, the style and characteristics of managers and leaders differentiate them in terms of extend of success they produce. The nature of relationship with employee is an evident difference between leaders and managers. Leaders guide with the instinct of gaining followers while managers have subordinates (Storms 2011). Leaders do not abide the conventional mode of commanding control instead act on the ground of emancipating inspiration (King 2010) and ensuring the wellbeing and progress of the team as whole.This is because leaders are more emotional (Leadership Pages 1997) and are concern of the valet de chambre aspect of their company. For example Phil Knight of Nike emphasizes highly on allowing mistakes and keeping a positive environment in spite of sequences of turmoil (Jay 2001, 92) and this give instruction an effective pool of workers which is a result of Knights leadership quality of emanating inspiration and garnering trust of employees and genuine loyalty. Managers on the other hand act on a stern basis of control system.This r anked positioning in turn ingests a pseudo psychological superciliousness of workers to managers as they feel they are being treated with contempt as subsidiaries (Katcher and Snyder 2007, 52). This will in turn limit the willingness for employees to put in the surplus effort and they will thus not produce exemplary results due to the lack of loyalty and lettering. Richard Brandson (2011) instills the importance of leaders being supportive of their employees that led the success of Virgin Company.The structural construction of the role played by managers instills this notion of quality difference of employee control in the effectiveness of managers compared to leaders. comparing in this light, leadership must be incorporated in managerial control because to attain corporate success, it is highly essential to sustain the passion, assumption and ambition of stakeholders especially the workers as Narayana Murthy (2011), Chairman Emeritus of Infosys, suggests. Each exclusive have their own defining qualities and the personalities describing them might be an advantage for one in certain industries.When these traits are combined with the managerial position, the personality traits would correspond the respect the manager receive when they have high aspect of certain traits such as the Big Five Personality Traits (Waddell, Jones and George 2011, 133). It is important for managers, being in their position, to possess certain unique individuality to propel their quality and attractiveness as a leader especially in the excellently trans ground leveled prospect of the current business environment.Personality type is the factor that separates leaders and managers as all personals can become nigh(a) managers, but good leaders are ones who are privileged with the narcissistic personality whom people look up to due to their gripping attitude and incredible ideas that shock others (Maccoby 2000, 72-73). Therefore, it clearly prove that in a real world situational ana lyses the characteristics of both managers and leaders may differ, but they are needed to corroborate one another in order to advocate and augment an effective form of leadership and management in an organization.The inherent individual traits of a manager determine the quality of a leader it makes. At the same time, born(p) leaders without the technical qualification of a manager could not bring to pass as an effective leader. The effectiveness of an organization is highly reliant on the synergy of leadership and management quality and this pretend an empowerment that will transcend the organization well beyond the competitors. Leadership quality of supplying the vision of an end goal when combined with the resourceful painstakingness of managers would create a highly effective company that has high visualization.At the same time the common exchange of respect and inspiration they give as a leader would ingest the essence of teamwork that will propel the organization tho forwar d as every member of the organization shares the common dedication and passion to attain their ultimate goals. This loyalty from every contributing body can only be attained when their leader has the charisma and ability to unite the organization, at the same time possess a conscientious managerial role that would instill trust in the employees that their leader would bring success.Hence the synergy of inborn leadership traits and hardware managerial skills is the highly regarded form of leadership style that is highly respectable by the companies employees as well as other stakeholders and eventually become the driving force that will push the organization forward especially in the new age of business environment and ethics that is increasingly demanding and critical, as well as the democratic progress that inspire people to be more blinding of exercising their rights. Reference List Adair, John. 2005. How to Grow Leaders. London and Sterling, VA Kogan Page Limited.Bennis, Warren. 1989. On Becoming A Leader. New York Addison-Wesley Publishing Company. Brandson, Richard. 2011. Richard Brandson Advice for Entrepreneurs. YouTube videos, 004. http//www. youtube. com/watch? v=VH35Iz9veM0&feature=fvwrel Leadership Pages The Difference Between Management And Leadership. 1997. ME96 Leadership Page. http//www. ee. ed. ac. uk/gerard/MENG/ME96/Documents/Intro/leader. html Jay, Ros. 2001. Winning Minds. Oxford, United Kingdom Capstone Publishing Limited. Katcher, Bruce L. and turn Snyder. 2007. 30 Reasons Employees Hate Their Managers.United State of America American Management fellowship King, William. 2010. Distinguishing between Manager and a Leader, Are they Really Different? team Building Articles, August 2. http//www. 212articles. com/distinguishing-between-manager-and-a-leader-are-they-really-different/ Kumle, John and Nancy J. Kelly. 2000. Leadership vs. Management. SuperVision,61(4), 8-10. http//search. proquest. com/docview/195590555? accountid=10382 Maccob y, Michael. 2000. Narcissistic Leaders The unlikely Pros, The Inevitable Cons. Harvard Business Review, January February Issue. http//edocs. ibrary. curtin. edu. au/eres_display. cgi? url= dc60009629. pdf©right=1 Murthy, Narayana. 2011. Narayana Murthy on Values & Leadership. YouTube videos, 326. http//www. youtube. com/watch? v=QBaCRu7by10&feature=related Senior, Carl, redbreast Martin, Michael West and Rowena M. Yeats. 2011. How Earlobes Can Signify Leadership Potential. Harvard Business Review, November Issue. Shontell, Alyson. 2011. The bequest Of Steve Jobs How He Took Apple From Near Bankruptcy To Billions In 14 days And Changed The World. Business Insider, October 6. http//www. businessinsider. om/the-legacy-of-steve-jobs-how-he-took-apple-from-near-bankruptcy-to-billions-in-13-years-and-changed-the-world-2011-10 Storms, Cherie. 2011, April 10. Managers have subordinates, Leaders have followers. Cherie Storms Saving the world one day at a time. http//cheriestorms. wordpress. com/2011/04/10/managers-have-subordinates-leaders-have-followers/ Waddell, Dianne, Gareth R. Jones, Jennifer M. George. 2011. Contemporary Management. 2nd ed. Australia McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd. Zaleznik, Abraham. 1992. Managers and leaders are they different? Harvard Business Review, March April Issue.

Health Expenditure Poverty Essay

Condition where peoples staple fibre needs for food, clothing, and shelter ar not being met. match to World Bank scantness is say deprivation in well-being, and comprises many another(prenominal) dimensions. It includes low incomes and the inability to acquire the basic goods and services necessary for extract with dignity. Poverty also encompasses low levels of wellness and education, poor approaching to vindicated water and sanitation, in fitted physical security, lack of voice, and insufficient capacity and prospect to better ones life.According to United NationsFundamentally, me sequencerness is a denial of choices and opportunities, a violation of human dignity. It means lack of basic capacity to participate effectively in society. It means not having profuse to food and clothing a family, not having a school or clinic to go to, not having the tear on which to grow ones food or a job to earn ones backup, not having accession to credit. It means insecurity, motivele ssness and exclusion of individuals, households and communities. It means efficiency to violence, and it often implies maintenance in marginal or fragile environments, with out(a) access to clean water or sanitation.Type of PovertyPoverty is broadly speaking of two types which argon as follow. unequivocal needAbsolute indigence is synonymous with destitution and occurs when people mintnot obtain adequate resources (measured in cost of calories or nutrition) to support a b rules of orderline level of physical health. Absolute leanness means about the akin everywhere, and can be eradicated as demonst gaitd by some countries.Relative beggaryRelative leanness occurs when people do not enjoy a certain minimum level of living standards as determined by a regime (and enjoyed by the bulk of the population) that vary from country to country, somemagazines within the same country. Relative poverty occurs everywhere, is said to be change magnitude, and may never be eradicated. Psychological Cause of povertyPoverty is regarded as a felonious circle. It is the product of different casings. Some of the thinkers grant attributed it to a single cause but as poverty is a multi dimensional problem, multiple factors ar responsible for it. According to hennery George, the main cause of poverty is the personal self-will and monopoly of individual on the land. He writes in bulky cities where land is so valu adequate to(p) that it is measured by foot you will find native of poverty and of luxury. Marx said the main causes of poverty are the exploitation laborers by the capitalists. Malthus said, poverty increases because of the fact that, while the food production increases in arithmetic raiseion, the population increase in geometric progression. These views lay emphasis on a singular cause of poverty but modern kind scientists consider that poverty is the forget of multiple factors.Personal factorsPersonal factors recreate chief(prenominal) role in econ omic status of a person. In this modern scientific era, one may not believe in the fate but no one can deny the grandeur of personal capacity and efforts in his life style and life pattern. The important personal factors cause poverty is as follows. i) Sickness out-of-pocket to unsoundness a person is unable to work or his income decreases. A study portion of his income is spent on the cure of the diseases. Sickness increases poverty. Hunter has rightly pointed out that Poverty and sickness category a vicious confederacy each helping the other to add to the miseries of near unfortunate of mankind.ii) psychogenic diseaseMental disease and frustration also increase poverty. owe to this, a man looses the balance of his mind by which he is incapable(p) of doing anything. So his family becomes poor and it aggravates poverty.iii) AccidentAccident of any kind may make a person incapable of working, as a end point of which he becomes a parasite on society or his income decreases. When income decreases poverty increases.iv) Idleness and extravaganceIndia is a rich country inhabited by poor. Idle and lazy persons do not work although they are able to work. Hence they remain poor. There are also extravagant persons who can waste any amount of money in no time. So the cause of poverty is not the lower income but excess of disbursal over income. Such persons also spent lavishly during festive do like marriage ceremony, many social religious festivals etc, and they always remain poor.v) DemoralizationsDue to lower morale some person are accustom to drinking, prostitution, gambling and other social evils. Such persons spent high counterpoise of their income on these evil habits and finally become pauper.Biological factorsRapid maturation of population is one of the most important causes of poetry. Malthus has pointed out that the geometric progress of population is the root cause of poverty. Due to the development of medical science, decline of famine, contr ol of epidemics and natural calamities death rate has decreased. At the same time birth rate has not been effectively controlled. If a man has as well many children his standard of living is definitely lowered and he becomes relatively poor. Besides, other factors like the power of fertility of Indian women, early age of marriage are also indirectly responsible for poverty.Global diffusion of ResourcesMany experts agree that the legacy of colonialism accounts for much of the unequal distribution of resources in the world economy. In many developing countries, the problems of poverty are bulky and pervasive. In recent decades most of these countries nurse tried to develop their economies with persistence and technology with varying levels of success. Some nations have become fairly wealthy, including the body politic of Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, South Korea, and Thailand.Many developing countries, however, lack essential raw materials and the acquaintance and skills gain ed through formal education and training. They also often lack the pedestal turn ind by, for example, transportation systems and power-generating facilities. Because these things are necessary for the development of industry, developing countries generally must(prenominal) rely on trade with developed countries for manufactured goods, but they cannot generate much.Some social scientists argue that wealthier developed countries continue to practice a form of colonialism, known as neocolonialism. The affluence of these countries is based to a cock-a-hoop extent on favorable trade with the developing world. Developed countries have been able to get inexpensive natural resources from poorer countries in Asia, Africa, and Latin America, including anoint for power, ores and minerals for manufacturing durable goods, and manufactured goods made by low-wage workers in factories operated by multinational corporations. This practice contributes to the dependency of poorer countries whil e not raising their standards of living.Economical factorsThe most fundamental cause of poverty is economics. The important economical factors are as follows. i) Backwardness of agricultureIndian Agriculture is carried on with primitive techniques. Due to the absence of modern machines, tools, implements, improved seeds, manures, curt irrigation facilities, constant fragmentation of land and exploitation by the landlords etc. Agricultural production hampers to a great extent. Besides these our agricultural system is not sufficient to provide adequate number of jobs or better price for agricultural products. This increase poverty among the unpolished farmers. ii) Slow and defective industrializationIn India industrialization is taking place at a snails pace, due to inadequate finance, paucity of skilled and technically trained personnel, irregular supply of power and raw materials etc. Therefore it is not possible in India to provide employment in large scale tot he persons who ar e willing to work. Further the concentration of industries in urban areas also deprives the rural poor from getting employment in industries. iii) Unequal distribution diffusion of wealth is unequal in India. Wealth is mostly concentrated in the hands of a few. These people after an optimum of investment go by thewealth in iron chests. On the other hand, the people who would have invested it for productive purpose do not get it. This leaves a absolute majority of population in this state of unemployment. iv) Unwise economic policyIndian is rich in respect of natural resources, but poor in making proper utilization of it. Till now we are not able to make optimum utilization of resources as a result of which it remains unutilized or misused. Sometimes due to defective policy of the judicature people remain poor. Psychological effects of povertyPsychological look has demonstrated that living in poverty has a wide orbit of minus effects on the physical and mental health and eudaem onia of our nations children. Poverty wallops children within their various contexts at home, in school, and in their neighborhoods and communities. Poverty is linked with negative conditions such as lacking(p) housing, homelessness, inadequate nutrition and food insecurity, inadequate child care, lack of access to health care, unsafe neighborhoods, and under resourced schools which adversely impact our nations children.Poorer children and teens are also at greater pretend for several negative outcomes such as poor academic execution, school dropout, abuse and neglect, styleal and socio emotional problems, physical health problems, and developmental delays. These effects are intensify by the barriers children and their families encounter when trying to access physical and mental health care. Economists estimate that child poverty costs an estimated $500 billion a year to the U.S. economy reduces productivity and economic output by 1.3 percent of GDP raises crime and increases health expenditurePoverty and academic achievementPoverty has a particularly adverse effect on the academic outcomes of children, especially during early childhood. Chronic stress associated with living in poverty has been shown to adversely affect childrens concentration and memory which may impact their ability to learn. The National Center for Education Statistics reports that in 2008, the dropout rate of students living in low-income families was about four and one-half times greater than the rate of children from higher-income families (8.7 percent versus 2.0 percent). The academic achievement gap for poorer youth is particularly pronounced for low-income African American and Hispanic children compared with their more affluent White peers.Poverty and psychosocial outcomesChildren living in poverty are at greater risk of behavioral and emotional problems. Some behavioral problems may include impulsiveness, bother getting along with peers, aggression, attention-deficit/hyperact ivity disorder (ADHD) and conduct disorder. Some emotional problems may include feelings of anxiety, depression, and low self-esteem. Poverty and economic hardship is particularly voiceless for parents who may experience chronic stress, depression, marital distress and exhibit harsher parenting behaviors. These are all linked to poor social and emotional outcomes for children. Unsafe neighborhoods may expose low-income children to violence which can cause a number of psychosocial difficulties. wildness exposure can also predict future violent behavior in youth which places them at greater risk of injury and mortality and entry into the juvenile justice system.Underresourced schools in poorer communities struggle to meet the tuition needs of their students and aid them in fulfilling their potential. Inadequate education contributes to the cycle of poverty by making it more difficult for low-income children to lift themselves and future generations out of poverty.ViolenceAccording to experts, many women become victims of trafficking, the most common form of which is prostitution, as a means of survival and economic desperation. Deterioration of living conditions can often compel children to abandon school in order to contribute to the family income, putting them at risk of being exploited, according to ECPAT International, an nongovernmental organization designed to end the commercial sexual exploitation of children. For example, in Zimbabwe, a number of girls are turning to prostitution for food to survive because of the increasing poverty.In one survey, 67% of children from disadvantaged inner cities said they had witnessed a serious assault, and 33% reported witnessing a homicide. 51% of fifth graders from refreshful Orleans (median income for a household have been found to be victims of violence, compared to 32% in Washington, DC (mean income for a household

Law Enforcement Today Essay

Many police departments ar facing compute problems, forcing them to cut their police force down. Many officers are being asked to do things they normally dont do such as patrolling. guard departments are also facing increasing crimes due to the poor economy. to a greater extent people are engaging in criminal activities. local and mild agencies interact with the communities that they patrol on a daily basis. sacramental manduction teaching between agencies are important not only for Home devour Security but for the publics safety as well. integrity enforcement agencies are using The Home Land Security Information earnings which allows them to securely collaborate with partners across the country. fairness enforcement professionals also use HSIN to part reading including Be on the Lookouts (BOLOs), Requests for Information (RFIs), For Your Information (FYIs), intuition Reports, and some some other Law Enforcement Sensitive documents. HSIN allows users to create and dis tribute messages to large, mission-specific contact lists.This rapid, secure training exchange provides law enforcement professionals with critical intelligence as they conduct course in the field (Homeland Security Information Network Law Enforcement Mission, n. d. ). The purpose of this land and Local Fusion Center conception of Operations (CONOPS) is to establish a framework for a comprehensive, coordinated and ordered approach for outreach by the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) to State and Local Fusion Centers (SLFCs).This CONOPS outlines DHS processes relating to SLFC support including intelligence and operational schooling flows and interactions, deployment of officers, component integration, and appellative of SLFC requirements, technical assistance and training. DHS will also ensure outreach, communication, and integration with other multidisciplinary partners (i. e. , fire service, public health, and emergency management), to further ensure and facilitate sch ooling sacramental manduction between SLFCs and these disciplines.This CONOPS will be periodically reviewed and modified as additional processes are implemented and refinements identified The CONOPS provides transparency into DHS support to SLFCs. The CONOPS also Furthers the goals of the Director of National Intelligence (DNI) and the Program Manager Information Sharing surroundings (PM-ISE) to develop and support a national education share environment and network of fusion centers.Underscores the role of the Under Secretary for Intelligence and Analysis as the Executive Agent for DHS SLFC Program and DHSs substitute to various Federal Senior-level advisory groups providing guidance and support to fusion centers. Defines the roles and responsibilities of the State and Local Program Management use (SLPO) to execute the DHS SLFC Implementation designing and to lead DHS outreach to SLFCs which includes, but is not limited to, the assignment of DHS intelligence analysts and of ficers and the provide of tools to the fusion centers nationwide.The SLPO serves in the central coordination role for DHS interaction with SLFCs. Institutionalizes the Single plosive of Service (SPS), a coordinated Office of Intelligence and Analysis/Office of Operations Coordination and Planning business process, developed to ensure all SLFC inquires are responded to expeditiously by the appropriate elements within DHS and there is accountability for this transactional activity.An self-confidence circulating within information sharing discourse is that the effectiveness of information sharing can be measured in terms of information flow, distribution, timeliness, coordination, and related system murder measures. 44 The Information Sharing Environments (ISE) stated mission is to ensure the ability of agencies to share information but just who is responsible for ensuring that such abilities to share information tangibly improve preparedness remains unclear.This study indicates that using system performance measures and capabilities to value the effectiveness of information sharing is inadequate and potentially uneconomical and misleading. In developing metrics to assess the benefits of information sharing, officials must worry in the difficult task of relating system use to tangible improvements in preparedness. Information-sharing initiatives also unfold within varying budgetary constraints and divergent mount priorities.As a result, future research needs to address how pecuniary and structural conditions influence information-sharing processes and practices. This study also suggests the need for comparative and longitudinal research of information sharing. However, future studies that attempt to construct concrete variables for system testing may similarly confront the contingency of the meanings of information sharing and preparedness.Although information sharing and preparedness are socially-defined concepts, their meanings can be mapped within different organizational contexts and across time using both soft and quantitative methods. Doing so can potentially assist policy makers and practitioners assess the utility of information-sharing strategies and the impact of associated organizational change efforts.

Advances in technology

This populace goes through a lot of changes as sentence goes on. Changes in engineering can make a brighter future for individuals. Because of advances in engineering, this world is becoming more efficient and saving us gold in the long-run with fuel, electricity, communication, etc. The social lifestyle of an individual involves engine room in some way. technology has become a necessity in these modern days and it is going to become more advanced as time goes on. With these advances in technology, the social lifestyles of individuals can be simpler. Technology moves our world forward nto a reinvigorated and advanced era.Without technology, we would each(prenominal) be stuck in the same time as our ancestors. Technology is a very proper thing for people anywhere and everywhere, no matter how old, it helps us in every aspect of our daily lives, and it is a thing that cannot be lived without. Technology has many branches and levels, from cell phones to the meshwork and even fo r medical purposes. However, cell phones and the internet have taken the main role in changing our society. I find it truly amazing that a person from China is commensurate to talk to a person from the United States, all hrough the internet.Programs such as facebook make finding an old childhood friend extremely easy, all that is to be done is type in their name. The advantages of technology include die health facilities due to increased disease diagnosis using technology and windy as swell up as more accurate telephone line results and solutions through technology. Technology has also enabled the automation of manual work thence saving time and money. It has boosted the entertainment through games and computer programs as well as increase in economy growth due to faster and easier usiness.Without technology in our lives, our world we be a very unlike place. Not only does technology provide us with a new and improved way to communicate, is gives us new and exciting ways to ex plore and contract ideas out to the world faster. Technology is only going to get better and better as each day progresses and with the appropriate efforts and consolidation it into the classroom get out enhance education forever. Our advance in technology has and always will be a good thing that will always benefit our world. Peoples lives are becoming simpler.

Joseph Campbell’s Monomyth Essay

1. Hero introduced in his ordinary worldOdysseus is a strong ruler of Ithaca (Greek city-state), however lacks experience in warfare. He is as well as the son of Lertes2. The c wholly to guessHe wins the Trojan war through his guile nature.As his happen left for Ithaca, strong winds dangle them off course3. Hero is reluctant at firstOdysseus and his workforce get a little afraid after realizing that they had no composition where they were heading for4. Encouraged by the wise old man/ muliebrityAlong the way, Odysseus obtains lots of advice of how he should carry on with his expedition from Circe the hag5. Hero passes the first thresholdThe first swerve that Odysseus faces would be in the beginning of the Odyssey, where his fleet land on the city of Ismara, and plunder the Cicones inhabiting the voice6. Hero encounters tests & helpersOther hazards for Odysseus were Polyphemus, The Lotus-Eaters, Hades, The Sirens, Scylla etc.7. Hero reaches the innermost caveThe largest issue ever faced by Odysseuss fleet would be the Man-eating cyclops named Polyphemus. Being the son of Poseidon, Odysseuss trickery angered the God of the sea, which would make water much more implications on them. This would largely affect Odysseuss quality to a greater extent8. Hero endures the supreme ordealOdysseus punctuate to exit Polyphemuss island first, but Odysseus hubris turns against their own people. Polyphemus attacks Odysseuss men with boulders and rocks. With luck, they escape into the waters, out of reach from danger9. Hero seizes the swordOdysseus finally defeats all enemies10. The road backUnfortunately, as he does so, he loses all his men, when Poseidon strikes hisfleet with the power of the raging sea11. ResurrectionHe alone gets away from the imminent danger and realizes his mistakes. He finally reaches the Phaeacians, and tells them his story, since it had been more than 10 year since he had left for battle12. Return with the treasureHis treasure is more in a f orm of a lesson, where he realizes that greed is something that corrupts a man. His adventure is definitely an example, since with his greed came the loss of his men and valuables

Book Review on the Third Side by William Ury

Book Review of The trey stead Why We Fight and How We Can Stop by William Ury Reviewed By Syed Shahzad Ali sept M. Phil ( DPA) Review Submitted to Dr. Anila Amber Dated 17th October 2012 Book Review of The Third Side Why We Fight and How We Can Stop by William Ury This is a state-of-the-art discussion on fight management and duologue by well known negotiator and mediator William L. Ury, an Ameri deal National, who is worlds leading negotiation expert, he has mediated situations ranging from corporate sphere to wildcat strikes, and from family disputes to ethnic wars in the Middle East, the Balkans, N.Ireland and many other places. He has overly worked on the enigma of how to prevent nuclear war as a consultant to The snow-covered House Crises Management Center. He received his B. A from Yale and his Ph. D. in brotherly anthropology from Harvard University. The structure of paperback The Third Side is c formerlyrned, its 251 pager lightheaded weight with blue cover page b ook which is easy to view as and read any where even in a train or bus while travelling or in coffee browse or at bed time, the font of Times New popish has been used in the book with Bold heading text of book is justified.It facilitates the all state of affairs and human situations whether they belong from corporate arena to management labor disputes and from family crises to negotiation or peace talks mingled with two warring countries i. e. its transforming conflict at home, at work and in the world in to Peace. This book has been written published in regular army by Penguin Books. The title of the book is quite attractive and self instructive for the affairs of conflict and its resolution i. e. The Third Side . The cover page content, color and logo again, portray the whole matter of paperback, its xplanatory subtitle on cover page of Why We Fight And How We Can Stop and In logo two human have been depicted in forward and the word Third has been placed in between, i n which the Alphabet I has been presented as Human which for surely complement the main Title of Book. The employment of book is to diminish the possibilities of conflict and change the culture of conflict within our families, our workplaces or organizations, our communities, and most importantly within our world. The idea of paperback is to search the reasons we are in conflict and sets forward a roadmap to resolution.The origin has minded(p) ten roles convincing manner for the prevention (Provider, Teacher, Bridge-builder), containment of conflicts(Mediator, Arbiter, Equalizer, Healer) and its resolution(Witness, Referee, Peacekeeper). These ten practical roles describe as managers, teachers, parents, and citizensthat each of us send word land every aspectreal day to prevent destructive conflict, hardly much detailed has not been prone about(predicate) which sort of personalities put forward adopt to which role/s or Can anyone play the all roles simultaneously?And in our Pakistani indian lodge where we have limitations to interfere into the other affairs as third side by using all ten roles cannot be possible to play by one individual. A fragmentize from mediation, all roles lack in to classify slightlyone that how one can develop the qualities to perform such roles and how you can do it? As far as his methodology is concerned so its quite simplified but more hypotheses can be created area wise graphical representation but book lacks in it for pillow slip author can segregate the chapters region wise that how one conflict resolves in one society i. . in east or westbound etc and variation in conflicts level in different societies or cultures. more than of examples are from his personal cases or experiences which have been discussed over again and again throughout the book but case studies from some other references can be included to prove his point of view which must delve his work more authentication. Author is an anthropologist thats why he has precondition too much depth in first too chapter where he specifies about the history of human being and its evolution, culture development, population ontogenesis on earth , agriculture istory, industrial & Knowledge revolution, Development of weapons & wars etc, which some time distract the referee s attention from its main theme of conflict management. Tone Expression of author was strong in solution but it has become soften when third segment of book started from How can we stop? And at the end again tone expression of author found strong. Ideology of an author is ideal which might be change from culture to culture Society to Society. Argument presented in the paperback with ring of enthusiasm conviction, one should appreciate it as well.Grip on content were able within a single part of book and linkages among thr paragraphs were better but among the three parts it bit distracted as first part of book was bit lengthy over detailed and reader whitethorn los t the direction if he is not reading it in a one sitting. Conclusion has been depicted in a very glib suggestive manner which left the profound impression on the reader mind about the third side Conflict Management. Its a significant contribution by William Ury to the domain of conflict Management.Its not except give the new meaning to manage the relationships while dealing with arduous people which is need of todays world specially for the society of Pakistan, but also it is equally instructive for the students of social sciences or psychology. One should read it once in his/her life whether one is professional or not or student of conflict management, to create a better understanding about the third side conflict resolution. It is the prime need of our society in Pakistan to include this special gift on Conflict resolution to fill it the part of our educational curriculum.

The Power of Prayer

On the good afternoon of June 5th (2011), I was hurrying toward central London in a cold rain. Soon, more and more of the mass I passed were Nipponese stack in full-dress dress, a somewhat unusual thing to get a line in a foreign city. The line of Nipponese great deal cross the busy bridle-path and entered the famous Westminster Abbey. We had come to join in the heavy(p) East lacquer temblor Memorial Service being held in the abbey. When I suggest Westminster Abbey, the first thing that probably comes to mind is the royal royal hook up with that new-fangledly took place there.At the same place where the citizenry of Britain prayed for the happiness of the newlyweds, we Nipponese people were going to pray for the victims of the earthquake, and for the yield of our homeland. The lacquerese flag flown spunky above the abbey signified that this servicing was being conducted for the people of Japan. As a student living in London, I perceive about the Tohoku Earthqu ake at dawn on March 11. fifty-fifty now, I vividly remember turning on the BBC news and at impersonate snapping out of my sleepy state. At first, I didnt understand what had happened.But as I watched images of the events, I got cunt bumps all over my body, and was at a vent for words. When a dreaded photo of the tragedy- touch ara covered the front rogue of the next days theme, I once again mat the gravity of the situation. muckle in Britain were agile to take action. They immediately set up various(a) charities, and collected reprieve funds and donations for the affected areas. On the front knave of one newspaper was the red sun of the Japanese flag with the Japanese words A k (Ganbare Nippon, Ganbare Tohoku Dont give up Japan, Dont give up Tohoku).People I did not know were giving me encouragement. I calculate this sympathy of the British people was the driving force behind the service I was attending. The ceremonial was carried out with solemnity. Passages fro m the Bible were read hymns and pipe harmonium music echoed from the utmost ceilings of the sanctuary. As the program proceeded, to my surprise, Kenji Miyazawas poem Ame ni mo makezu (Be not get the better of by the Rain) was read aloud. The baron of its words struck me deeply. It dawned on me that this, too, is a form of suppliant. Up until then, I had thought of petitioner as displace ones hands together or kneeling down in allegiance to God.I realized, however, that there are other forms of prayer as well. Surely, anyone listening to this denotation must clear prayed for the advent of a guard and peaceful world, and image a vigorous rebuilding of Japan. I felt the poem quietly guiding our spirit, and uniting the hearts of all those in attendance. I prize what is meant by prayer is the power of thought. Even Japans restoration and rebirth cannot let down without thoughts. It is through thoughts that action takes place. People say that prayer alone go away not cha nge anything, but in time of crisis, I see it is what we need most.Indeed, all I can do at present is pray, but it seems to me that this is by no means an undistinguished force. When all of us who had gathered at Westminster Abbey united our hearts and prayed together, I believe that our thoughts became a great force that reached the areas affected by the disaster. other thing that go me was the internationalist cooperation. I could feel intensely the kindness of the British people toward Japan, and their strong desire to help. Many people are praying for the restoration of Japan and the happiness of its people.Amidst this, I feel that I have caught a coup doeil of the true warmth of international cooperation. This great disaster has brought about changes in me. It led me to reconsider the meaning of prayer, which I had still experienced in form, and to learn what true prayer really is. I was also subject to understand the spirit underlying the words international cooperati on, which I had antecedently understood as merely a governmental term. In the future, I hope to use this power of thought that I keenly felt during recent events to reach out to the international community. The power of prayer and power of thought are infinite.The Power of PrayerOn the afternoon of June 5th (2011), I was hurrying toward central London in a cold rain. Soon, more and more of the people I passed were Japanese people in formal dress, a somewhat unusual thing to see in a foreign city. The line of Japanese people crossed the busy road and entered the famous Westminster Abbey. We had come to join in the Great East Japan Earthquake Memorial Service being held in the abbey. When I mention Westminster Abbey, the first thing that probably comes to mind is the magnificent royal wedding that recently took place there.At the same place where the people of Britain prayed for the happiness of the newlyweds, we Japanese people were going to pray for the victims of the earthquake, a nd for the restoration of our homeland. The Japanese flag flown high above the abbey signified that this service was being conducted for the people of Japan. As a student living in London, I heard about the Tohoku Earthquake at dawn on March 11. Even now, I vividly remember turning on the BBC news and instantly snapping out of my sleepy state. At first, I didnt understand what had happened.But as I watched images of the events, I got goose bumps all over my body, and was at a loss for words. When a horrific photo of the disaster-struck area covered the front page of the next days newspaper, I once again felt the gravity of the situation. People in Britain were quick to take action. They immediately set up various charities, and collected relief funds and donations for the affected areas. On the front page of one newspaper was the red sun of the Japanese flag with the Japanese words ?nIeu?A?n Ie?k (Ganbare Nippon, Ganbare Tohoku Dont give up Japan, Dont give up Tohoku).People I did n ot know were giving me encouragement. I think this kindness of the British people was the driving force behind the service I was attending. The ceremony was carried out with solemnity. Passages from the Bible were read hymns and pipe organ music echoed from the high ceilings of the sanctuary. As the program proceeded, to my surprise, Kenji Miyazawas poem Ame ni mo makezu (Be not Defeated by the Rain) was read aloud. The power of its words struck me deeply. It dawned on me that this, too, is a form of prayer. Up until then, I had thought of prayer as putting ones hands together or kneeling down in devotion to God.I realized, however, that there are other forms of prayer as well. Surely, anyone listening to this reading must have prayed for the advent of a safe and peaceful world, and envisioned a vigorous rebuilding of Japan. I felt the poem quietly guiding our spirit, and uniting the hearts of all those in attendance. I think what is meant by prayer is the power of thought. Even Ja pans restoration and rebirth cannot begin without thoughts. It is through thoughts that action takes place. People say that prayer alone will not change anything, but in times of crisis, I think it is what we need most.Indeed, all I can do at present is pray, but it seems to me that this is by no means an insignificant force. When all of us who had gathered at Westminster Abbey united our hearts and prayed together, I believe that our thoughts became a great force that reached the areas affected by the disaster. Another thing that moved me was the international cooperation. I could feel intensely the kindness of the British people toward Japan, and their strong desire to help. Many people are praying for the restoration of Japan and the happiness of its people.Amidst this, I feel that I have caught a glimpse of the true warmth of international cooperation. This great disaster has brought about changes in me. It led me to reconsider the meaning of prayer, which I had only experienced in form, and to learn what true prayer really is. I was also able to understand the spirit underlying the words international cooperation, which I had previously understood as merely a political term. In the future, I hope to use this power of thought that I keenly felt during recent events to reach out to the international community. The power of prayer and power of thought are infinite.